To reduce the dependence of bulbs as planting material, the innovation technology of shallot (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) cultivation with using true shallot seed (TSS) as planting material was tried. Four cultivars namely Bima Brebes, Trisula, Tuk Tuk, and Sanren were planted at Laleten Village, Malaka District, from April to December 2018. TSS seedlings were raised with a 10x15cm planting spacing or 2,000 plants/30m−2. The aim of this research was to evaluate the using TSS at the shallot cultivation in the areas where the farmers have never carried out such technology. The vegetative growth of all varieties is not significantly different. The productive plants are range from 70 to 75% of population, which the highest was Trisula. The bulbs number/plant highest in Bima Brebes. The number and fresh bulbs weight/bed were 2,293 – 4,601 bulbs and 19.8 – 31.5kgs, respectively. Bulbs weight loss during storage was about 48-65%, which the driest bulbs was Tuk Tuk. The estimated of fresh production was only 5.28 to 8.41 tons/ha. It means that in dry conditions with farmers have not mastered yet on shallot cultivation by using TSS as planting material, the productivity only reaches 20-40% of the production capacity.
Background: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the growth and bulb yield of shallot (Allium cepa L.) varieties grown by TSS with different population.Methods: This study was carried out in the low dry land at Laleten Village, Malaka District, NTT Province, Indonesia, from March to August 2018. We investigated different plant populations per planting hole using a split-plot design with two factors and four replications. The main plot was the varieties (Trisula and Bima Brebes) and the subplots were the seedling population (100, 200 and 300 plants/m2).Result: There was no interaction between varieties and population for any of the measured parameters. The population only affected the plant height at the beginning of plant growth. A high plant population (300 plants/m2) gave the highest production of single bulbs but was negatively correlated with the bulb weight. Trisula variety produced significantly more single bulbs than the Bima Brebes one. The establishment of the TSS-adapted varieties could be recommended in this area.
Pesticides are one of the main production factors needed in shallots cultivation. The appropriate use of pesticides can increase productivity, but inappropriate use of pesticides can harm farmers, contaminate crops and polluting the surrounding environment. This study aimed to describe the use of pesticides on shallot cultivation in Solok Regency, West Sumatra. Data was collected by interviewing 95 respondents of shallot farmers. Data parameters were obtained regarding pesticide technical application, pesticide application time, brand and amounts of pesticides used, and knowledge of the active ingredients used. Data was processed quantitatively descriptively, and it showed that most of the farmers mix two or more chemical pesticides for each application, and generally, farmers did not know the names and functions of the active ingredients in the pesticides, but they did not mix pesticides with the same active ingredients. In the dry season, most farmers spray every three days, while in the rainy season it increases to once every two days. This study is expected to be a reference for policymakers to be able to provide an extension program to use appropriate and correct pesticides according to the function and content of active ingredients to create a balanced agroecosystem. The government needs to conduct technical guidance on integrated pest and disease control, and disseminate environmentally friendly pest control technology.
Background In Indonesia, the postharvest fruit loss is 25%, so the economic loss from the export of various fruits is estimated at US$ 58,966,861. One of the causes for the loss is postharvest pathogens. Postharvest fruit rot is caused mainly by fungi, some of which produce mycotoxins harmful to human health. Therefore, in meeting the global food safety requirements, Indonesia should develop a biological control strategy for postharvest fruit diseases. This paper is a review based on observations, a literature review of postharvest biological control of citrus and other subtropical fruits, and an overview of strategies and prospects for their application in Indonesia. Main body The pathogens that cause diseases on citrus fruits, apples, grapes, and strawberries in Indonesia produce mycotoxins, namely Fusarium sp., Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and Alternaria sp. The potential biological agents are from the yeast group, such as the Candida genera, the bacterial group, such as the Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera, and the fungal group, such as the Muscodor and Trichoderma genera. Conclusion Through mutually additive and synergistic multiple reduction methods in cooperation with the vanguards, postharvest disease control emphasizes disease prevention using several methods. Each method reduces the percentage of damage by a certain amount to produce highly effective controls.
3 ). The second one was the variety, Mandarin cv. Terigas and Tangerine cv. Pontianak as a control. The treatment was repeated 3 times with a unit treatment of 5 plants. Observations were made on macro nutrient uptake on leaves and fruit skin, development of fruit size, number of cracking fruit/plant, size of fruit diameter, and thickness of fruit peel. The results showed that the cracking incidence of Terigas fruits was caused by the thinning of the fruit peels, where the thinner the peel of the fruit, the more fruit would be cracked (Y = 20.501 to 9, 9702 X, R 2 = 67.5%), while the thickness of the skin was not influenced by nutrients absorbed in the fruit peel. Treatment P2 to P5 was able to suppress fruit cracking on Terigas Mandarin between 22 -56.1% at age of 22 weeks and 14.9 -42.6% at age of 26 weeks after flowering. Moreover, P3 can prevent 50% of cracking fruit/plant less than the control (P1). All treatments did not significantly affect on the thickness of peel fruit of Tangerine cv. Pontianak. This activity has an impact on increasing the quantity and quality production of Mandarin cv. Terigas.
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