Racial disparity in the presentation of breast cancer and the outcome of its treatment is well established. However, the causes remain unexplained. The scarcity of reports about the prognostic significance of p53, bcl-2, and HER-2/neu in Arab females with breast cancer has been the impetus to this study. We evaluated the prognostic significance of altered expression of p53, bcl-2, HER-2/neu in Omani Arab females with non-metastatic breast cancer with correlation to other established prognostic factors. We have retrospectively analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of p53, HER-2/neu and bcl-2 in paraffin embedded blocks of 72 females diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1992 and 2002. The expression of the above proteins was correlated with other prognostic factors and univariate and multivariate analysis was carried out for all prognostic factors. Overexpression of p53 significantly correlated with younger age (<40), pre-menopausal status, poor differentiation with inverse correlation with bcl-2 expression. Expression of bcl-2 immunopostivity significantly correlated to low histological grade and positive estrogen and progesterone receptor status. On univariate and multivariate p53 overexpression and lack of bcl-2 immunostaining resulted in worse survival outcome, but not Her-2/neu overexpression. Expression patterns of p53 and bcl-2 are independent predictors of survival in Omani Arab population which may help to stratify these patients into different risk groups.

Light-chain deposition disease (LCDD) is characterized by tissue deposition of the immunoglobulin light chains in multiple organs. These deposits appear similar to amyloid on routine sections, but differ in their staining properties and ultrastructural appearance. The deposits of LCCD are non -Congophilic and do not exhibit a fibrillar ultrastructure; while, the proteinaceous substance seen in primary amyloidosis is Congo red positive and fibrillar. One of the most common organs to be involved in LCDD is the kidney. Earlier reports on cases of LCDD have mostly shown simultaneous liver and renal involvement, there are very few cases in the literature describing LCDD of the liver without renal involvement. This report describes a patient who presented with severe cholestatic jaundice and liver cell failure with normal renal function.

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Knowledge management is the system that been use to manage and transfer the information or knowledge among people within an organization. Knowledge management also can be defined as the organizational ''efforts designed to capture knowledge; convert personal knowledge to groupavailable knowledge; connect people to people, people to knowledge, knowledge to people, and knowledge to knowledge; and measure that knowledge to facilitate management of resources and help understand its evolution.Knowledge therefore became a very valuable competitive resource, since it fosters innovation and creates a sustainable competitive advantage for the company [1] In a review of KM critical success factors identified in one research, [2] found that many factors have been suggested as important for successful knowledge management implementation: culture, training, top-management support, technology infrastructure, knowledge infrastructure, knowledge sharing and knowledge transfer. Additional studies have emphasized the importance of culture, technology, systems and procedures, structure, tasks, and incentives [3]. The Knowledge Management system can manage and transfer information or knowledge within the organization. If the knowledge and information can be transferring correctly, this will make sure that knowledge and information are value to use in future and to give an advantage to the user itself. So, factor influence in knowledge management which is Mentor-mentee Program and Job Training activities are important to transfer the knowledge or information within the organization.Therefore, this study attempt to find out the relationship between channel of intranet, mentor -mentee program and on Job Training on the transfer of knowledge management in the higher education.

INTRODUCTIONHollow viscus perforation leading to peritonitis is one of the commonest emergency surgeries conducted in a surgical practice for a case of acute abdomen.1 It is the second most common cause for acute abdomen following appendicitis. Perforation as a cause of acute abdomen accounts for 30-40% of the total cases of acute abdomen presenting to a surgical emergency.2 Among the cases of hollow viscus perforation duodenal and gastric perforations are the commonest accounting to almost 60-80 % in some series, followed by ileal, appendicular and large bowel. ABSTRACT Background:The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics in Ileal perforations because of confusion and controversy over the diagnosis and optimal surgical treatment of terminal Ileal perforationa cause of obscure peritonitis. Perforation of terminal ileum is a cause for obscure peritonitis with severe toxic state, there may be obscured clinical features with resultant delays in diagnosis and adequate surgical intervention. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in Victoria Hospital and Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute over a period of 5 years from June 2011 to May 2015. A total of 136 patients presented in this period with hollow viscus perforation and out of these 64 patients had Ileal perforation alone on exploratory laparotomy. Ileal perforations account for about 20 percent of all cases of hollow viscus perforation. Emergency exploratory laparotomy was done and perforation was identified, edge biopsy was taken in all cases and the perforation was closed in two layers and resection anastomosis was done in stricture with perforation. Histopathological report was reviewed following surgery. Results: A total of 64 patients with Ileal perforation were included in the study of which 52 were males and 12 were females accounting for 81.25 percent and 18.75 percent respectively. The causes for perforation were enteric fever (82.81%), nonspecific inflammation (9.38%), and tuberculosis (7.81%). Simple closure of the perforation (74.58%) and the remaining primary resection and anastomosis were the mainstay of the surgical management. Conclusions: The common pathology of Ileal perforation is Typhoid or Enteric fever, Non-specific ulcer, Tuberculosis and others. Intestinal complications of typhoid fever are quite common in developing countries. Nonspecific inflammation of the terminal ileum was other predominant cause operative findings were similar to that of typhoid fever but no laboratory evidence of the disease was found. Intestinal tuberculosis can mimic many conditions.

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Pendidikan merupakan suatu proses yang berkesinambungan guna menumbuh kembangkan peserta didik kearah kesempurnaan berdasarkan fitrahnya. Maka dari itu, pendidikan yang dilaksanakan harus seimbang dalam mempelajari ilmu pengetahuan umum dan ilmu agama sehingga ilmu pengetahuan yang dipelajari selaras dengan kaidah – kaidah agama. Latar belakang dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah adanya kenyataan di lapangan yang menunjukkan diantara sekian banyak sekolah- sekolah yang didirikan baik oleh pemerintah maupun swasta pada dasarnya lebih menekankan pada tatanan pengetahuan dan keterlampiran semata dan cenderung mengesampingan pengetahuan agama (islam) adalah dalam artian pendidikan keagamaan hanya dijadikan sebagai pelengkap kurikulum saja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan metode historis dengan harapan agar peneliti dapat mengkaji perkembangan pendidikan Muhammadiyah dari masa awal berdirinya hingga sekarang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan beberapa menelaah dan mengesploitasi buku-buku, dokumen –dokumen, internet dan sumber-sumber lain yang relefan. Hasil penelitian ini diantaranya menyimpulkan bahwa menurut Muhammadiyah pendidikan adalah suatu keniscayaan (harus ada) dan  Muhammadiyah juga berannggapan bahwa pendidikan yang harus dilaksanakan adalah pendidikan yang holistic yakni memadukan atau menyeimbangkan antara pengetahuan ke islaman dengan pengetahuan umum sehingga menghasilkan manusia yang cerdas dalam keilmuan dan memiliki karakter (barakhlak manusia) maka dari itu Muhammadiyah menyelenggarakan  pendidikan yang lebih modern yang sesuai dengan tuntutan zaman.

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