Background: It is estimated that the worldwide annual incidence of child pneumonia is approximately 156 million cases. Sixty-one million new cases occure in Southeast Asia with death rate of 3.1 million deaths per year. Prevalence of infant pneumonia in Indonesia is high at 1.8% in 2013 with mortality of 0.16% in 2015. This study aimed to determine the role of bio-psychosocial factors on the risk of pneumonia in children under-five years old. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, from April to May 2017. A sample 120 children under five years old, consisting of 30 children with pneumonia and 90 children without pneumonia, were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was incidence of pneumonia. The independent variables were nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding, low birthweight, maternal stress, maternal education, maternal employment, family income, and home environment. Nutritional status was measured by anthropometry, while other variables were collected by questionnaire. Path analysis was employed to analyze data. Results: Pneumonia in children under-five was directly affected by nutritional status (b= -1.23; 95% CI=-2.45 to -0.02; p=0.047), exclusive breastfeeding (b=-1.09; 95% CI=-2.26 to 0.07; p= 0.065), maternal stress (b= 1.70; 95% CI =0.36 to 3.04; p=0.013), maternal education (b=-1.96; 95% CI=-3.31 to -0.61; p=0.004), and home environment (b=-1.83; 95% CI = -3.02 to -0.64; p=0.002). Nutritional status was affected by maternal education (b=3.48; 95% CI=1.79 to 5.17; p<0.001), maternal stress (b=-2.55; 95% CI=-4.06 to -1.04; p=0.001), family income (b=3.26; CI 95%=1.67 to 4.84; p<0.001), and low birthweight (b= -1.84; 95% CI=-3.12 to -0.57; p= 0.005). Exclusive breastfeeding was affected by maternal education (b=0.97; 95% CI=0.09 to 1.86; p=0.031), maternal stress (b=-0.74; 95% CI=-1.69 to 0.19; p=0.112), family income (b=1.39; CI 95%=0.54 to 2.23; p=0.001), and maternal employment (b=-1.29; 95% CI=-2.14 to -0.45; p=0.003). Maternal stress was affected by home environment (b=-1.12; 95% CI=-1.96 to -0.29; p=0.009 Home environment was affected by maternal education (b=0.76; 95% CI=-0.03 to 1.54; p=0.059). Low birthweight was affected by maternal education (b=-1.21; 95% CI=-2.08 to -0.35; p=0.006) and family income (b=-1.50; 95% CI=-2.35 to -0.66; p<0.001). Conclusion: Pneumonia in children under-five is directly affected by nutritional status children, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal education, maternal stress, and home environment.

Stroke is the second largest cause of death in developed countries and the third largest in the developing

Sasaran yang ingin dicapai Indonesia di bidang gizi adalah menurunkan  prevalensi stunting menjadi 10 % pada tahun 2030. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia tahun 2018 masih tinggi yaitu 30,8 %, sehingga diperlukan  upaya yang strategis untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, salah satunya adalah dengan penyuluhan  mengenai makanan sehat bagi ibu usia produktif sebagai sasaran primer dalam pencegahan stunting. Di TK Aisyiah Pucangan ditemukan balita usia 4-5 tahun yang mengalami stunting sebanyak 13 siswa dari 60 siswa pada kelompok usia tersebut, sehingga diperlukan upaya promosi kesehatan dengan melakukan penyuluhan. Tujuan jangka pendek penyuluhan adalah uutuk meningkatkan pengetahuan mengenai makanan sehat berigizi dan seimbang, sedangkan tujuan jangka panjang adalah untuk menurunkan kejadian stunting balita. Penyuluhan dilakukan dengan presentasi audiovisual menggunakan power point dan video edukasi. Untuk mengukur pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah kegiatan maka digunakan “one group pre and post test design”. Data yang didapatkan dianalisis dengan uji analisis Paired sample t test atau  uji  Wilcoxon menggunakan SPPS 22. Hasil analisis didapatkan rerata nilai pretest = 65,12 dan post test = 82,2. Hasil Uji Wilcoxon dari 41 responden didapatkan 36 responden mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan (nilai p<0,0001). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan setelah dilakukan penyuluhan tentang makanan sehat.

Background: It is estimated that the worldwide annual incidence of child pneumonia is approximately 156 million cases. Sixty-one million new cases occure in Southeast Asia with death rate of 3.1 million deaths per year. Prevalence of infant pneumonia in Indonesia is high at 1.8% in 2013 with mortality of 0.16% in 2015. This study aimed to determine the role of bio-psychosocial factors on the risk of pneumonia in children under-five years old. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using crosssectional design. The study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, from April to May 2017. A sample 120 children under five years old, consisting of 30 children with pneumonia and 90 children without pneumonia, were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was incidence of pneumonia. The independent variables were nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding, low birthweight, maternal stress, maternal education, maternal employment, family income, and home environment. Nutritional status was measured by anthropometry, while other variables were collected by questionnaire. Path analysis was employed to analyze data. Results: Pneumonia in children under-five was directly affected by nutritional status (b= -1.23; 95% CI= -2.45 to -0.02; p= 0.047), exclusive breastfeeding (b= -1.09; 95% CI= -2.26 to 0.07; p= 0.065), maternal stress (b= 1.70; 95% CI= 0.36 to 3.04; p= 0.013), maternal education (b= -1.96; 95% CI= -3.31 to -0.61; p= 0.004), and home environment (b= -1.83; 95% CI= -3.02 to -0.64; p= 0.002). Nutritional status was affected by maternal education (b= 3.48; 95% CI= 1.79 to 5.17; p<0.001), maternal stress (b= -2.55; 95% CI= -4.06 to -1.04; p= 0.001), family income (b= 3.26; 95% CI= 1.67 to 4.84; p<0.001), and low birthweight (b= -1.84; 95% CI= -3.12 to -0.57; p= 0.005). Exclusive breastfeeding was affected by maternal education (b= 0.97; 95% CI= 0.09 to 1.86; p= 0.031), maternal stress (b= -0.74; 95% CI= -1.69 to 0.19; p= 0.112), family income (b= 1.39; 95% CI= 0.54 to 2.23; p= 0.001), and maternal employment (b= -1.29; 95% CI= -2.14 to -0.45; p= 0.003). Maternal stress was affected by home environment (b= -1.12; 95% CI= -1.96 to -0.29; p=0.009 Home environment was affected by maternal education (b= 0.76; 95% CI= -0.03 to 1.54; p= 0.059). Low birthweight was affected by maternal education (b= -1.21; 95% CI= -2.08 to -0.35; p= 0.006) and family income (b= -1.50; 95% CI= -2.35 to -0.66; p<0.001).

Background: Pregnant women are one of the populations at risk of contracting HIV / AIDS, Hepatitis B and Syphilis. More than 90% of children who have HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B infection are infected by their mothers. Efforts are needed to break the chain of transmission of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B from pregnant women to their babies, one of which is by triple elimination examination. It is estimated that age and education level will affect the triple elimination visit. The Aim : To determine the relationship of age and level of education of pregnant women to the behavior of triple elimination examination visits at Sumberlawang Health Center, Sragen.

No abstract

Background: The occurrence of various deceptive news on COVID-19 vaccines adversely impact public mindset. Prior to the mass vaccination of Indonesian government, perception of the willingness to be vaccinated and its determinant were not widely explored.Objectives: This study is aimed at evaluating the determinants of willingness to receive and pay for COVID-19 vaccines, prior to the commencement of widespread vaccination in Indonesia.Method: This study applied a cross-sectional design to assess the inhibiting factors of both the willingness to receive and pay for COVID-19 vaccines. Statistical analysis was conducted using bivariate and multivariate methods. Furthermore, a qualitative approach was also adopted to categorize open-ended themes on the determinant of willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccines.Results: Based on the determinants of willingness to be vaccinated, the following results were obtained, including the occupation of health workers (OR=3.638; p=0.000), civil servants (OR=1.776; p=0.030), perception on COVID-19 as dangerous (OR=2.161; p=0.010), perception on the vaccines as effective (OR= 13,156; p=0.000), perception on vaccine as safe (OR=15,769; p=0.000). In terms of the determinants of willingness to pay, the following results were recorded, including respondents’ age of 40 years (OR=2.048; p=0.000), income of IDR.2,500,000 (OR=1.631;p=0.002), experience from the interaction with COVID-19 patients (OR=1.422; p=0.013), perception on the virus as dangerous (OR=2.211; p=0.000), perception on health protocol discipline (OR=1.834; p=0.014), and perception on the vaccine as effective (OR=1.760; p=0.011). Furthermore, 6 concerns were raised on the willingness/reluctance to pay for the vaccine, such as the perception of the vaccines’ effectiveness and safety, equity, suspicion surrounding the pandemic and vaccine, optional measures in combating the outbreak, personal circumstances and nationalism. Conclusion: The determinants of willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine included the occupation of health workers and civil servants, perception of the disease as dangerous, perception of the vaccine as effective and safe. Meanwhile, the factors of willingness to pay included the age range of 40 years, high income, interaction with COVID-19 patients, perception of health protocol discipline and the vaccines’ effectiveness.

Background: Tinnitus is one of the most common complaints in family medicine practice, with the incidence of tinnitus being highly variable and dominated by subjective tinnitus rather than objective tinnitus, about 30-40% of the adult population has experienced tinnitus in their lifetime, and 0.5-2.5% of the population has impaired quality of life. Because the research conducted is still controversial, this study is a study to look specifically at the effect of giving vitamin B12 on the treatment of tinnitus and so it is important to do further research to prove the administration of vitamin B12 supplements as neuroregeneration in tinnitus patients. In the discussion later, the researcher divides the research subjects into two parts, namely humans and animals. Human subjects to see the effect of vitamin B12 in the healing process of tinnitus and animal subjects to see the effect of vitamin B12 in neuroregeneration. This is expected to provide a reference in the treatment of tinnitus in Indonesia. Objective: :To see specifically the effect of giving vitamin B12 in the neuroregeneration process in tinnitus patients. Methods: This research method is a literature review study. Data collection techniques through Pubmed and Science direct have been limited for the last 10 years. The article review was carried out on 292 scientific articles and obtained 7 articles that met the restriction criteria and the PICO. Results: The results of a review of 7 articles found that Vitamin B12 can regenerate the myelin sheath (3 articles) and Vitamin B12 can reduce noise or improve tinnitus (4 articles). Conclusion: There is potential of Vitamin B12 on the healing process through neuroregeneration of cells in tinnitus patients. Vitamin B12 has the potential to prevent disease or reduce severity in tinnitus patients.  Latar Belakang: Tinnitus merupakan salah satu keluhan yang banyak ditemukan dalam  praktik kedokteran keluarga dengan angka kejadian tinnitus sangat bervariasi dan didominasi oleh tinnitus subjektif daripada tinnitus objektif, sekitar 30-40% pada populasi dewasa dan sebesar 0,5-2,5% terganggu kualitas hidupnya. Penelitian tentang pengaruh dari pemberian vitamin B12 terhadap pengobatan tinnitus masih cukup beragam hasilnya, sehingga penting dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk membuktikan pemberian suplemen vitamin B12 sebagai neuroregenerasi pada pasien tinnitus. Pembahasan dalam penelitian ini peneliti perlu membedakan subjek penelitian menjadi dua bagian yaitu pada manusia dan hewan. Subjek manusia untuk melihat efek vitamin B12 dalam proses penyembuhan tinnitus dan subjek hewan untuk melihat efek vitamin B12 dalam neuroregenerasi. Hal ini diharapkan dapat memberikan referensi dalam pengobatan tinnitus di Indonesia. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian vitamin B12 dalam proses neuroregenerasi pada pasien tinnitus. Metode penelitian ini adalah studi literatur review. Teknik pengambilan data melalui Pubmed dan Science direct limitasi 10 tahun terakhir. Telaah artikel dilakukan pada 292 artikel ilmiah dan didapatkan 7 artikel yangsesuai kriteria restriksi dan PICO. Hasil telaah didapatkan 7 artikel dengan hasil bahwa Vitamin B12 dapat meregenerasi selubung myelin (3 artikel) dan Vitamin B12 dapat menurunkan kebisingan atau mangalami perbaikan tinnitusnya (4 artikel). Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh Vitamin B12 terhadap proses penyembuhan melalui neuroregenerasi sel pada pasien tinnitus. Literatur juga menyebutkan bahwa Vitamin B12 berpotensi mencegah penyakit atau menurunkankeparahan pada pasien tinnitus.