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Abstract. Chloroquine combined with primaquine was evaluated for therapy of uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum in nonimmune Javanese migrants to northeastern Papua, Indonesia. Subjects were randomized to treatment with standard chloroquine therapy (25 mg/kg in 3 doses over the course of 48 hours) with 30 mg primaquine administered daily for 28 days (n ‫ס‬ 25) or a placebo of primaquine (n ‫ס‬ 28). The 14-day cumulative incidence of therapeutic failure was 56% with primaquine and 79% with placebo (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1-1.3; P ‫ס‬ 0.08). Primaquine administered daily created a marginally significant improvement in therapeutic efficacy at day 14, but not at day 7 (20% versus 36%; OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-1.8; P ‫ס‬ 0.2) or day 28 (82% versus 93%; OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.04-2.1; P ‫ס‬ 0.23). This report corroborates studies suggesting that therapeutic doses of primaquine exert no discernible effect on parasitemia by P. falciparum.

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Objective: To define the molecular epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in adult patients. Methods: Nasal and throat swabs were collected from all adult patients with influenza-like illness (ILI), acute respiratory infection (ARI), or severe ARI (SARI) admitted to a tertiary hospital in Surakarta, Indonesia, between March 2010 and April 2011 and analyzed for 19 respiratory viruses and for torque teno virus (TTV) and human gyrovirus (HGyV). Results: Respiratory viruses were detected in 61.3% of the subjects, most of whom had ARI (90.8%, OR = 11.39), were hospitalized (96.9%, OR = 22.31), had asthma exacerbation (90.9%, OR = 8.67), and/or had pneumonia (80%, OR = 4.0). Human rhinovirus (HRV) A43 predominated. Influenza A H3N2, human metapneumovirus (HMPV) subtypes A1 and A2, the influenza B virus, human adenovirus B, and human coronavirus OC43 were also detected. All respiratory viruses were detected in the transition month between the rainy and dry seasons. No mixed respiratory virus infection was found. Coinfections of the influenza A H3N2 virus with TTV, HMPV with TTV, HRV with TTV, and human parainfluenza virus-3 with TTV were found in 4.7, 2.8, 19.8, and 0.9% of the samples, respectively. Conclusions: This study highlights the need to perform routine detection of respiratory viruses in adults hospitalized with ARI, asthma exacerbation, and/or pneumonia.

Home pedometer assisted PA may be a useful and cheaper alternative to outpatient supervised exercise training programs in patients with COPD.

Poverty reduction has become a priority for government of the Republic of Indonesia in the last decade. One among poverty reduction programs based on family called Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). PKH is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program for poor families. PKH has addressed to cut off poverty chain through the accessibility of education, health, and social welfare services. PKH beneficiaries, besides getting social assistance in the form of cash transfer, also received capacity building in the form of Family Development Sessions (FDS). FDS has formed as behavioral change intervention that carried out by PKH Facilitator. This study has aimed to describe and analyze the implementation of FDS and changes in poor family behavior. Qualitative approach has been used for this research with an open-ended interview as a collective data technique. The FDS meeting was held at beneficiaries' household, and public facilities. The findings of this study indicate that the implementation of FDS is highly dependent on the competency of PKH Facilitator, frequency has done once a month, each for two hours. Teaching aids in the form of modules and flipcharts. The FDS material consists of education and parenting, economics, health, and child protection. Changes in Poor Family Behavior include being able to regulate household financial planning, healthier lifestyles, childcare and care for the elderly and disability. This study recommends the need for material adaptation according to regional conditions. The economic module needs to be added to the session on social entrepreneurship, especially for PKH beneficiaries who will graduate.