Background Spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) represents the main cereal crop in Northern Kazakhstan. The quality of wheat grain and flour strongly depends on the structure of gluten, comprised of gliadin and glutenin proteins. Electrophoresis spectra of gliadins are not altered by environmental conditions or plant growth, are easily reproducible and very useful for wheat germplasm identification in addition to DNA markers. Genetic polymorphism of two Gli loci encoding gliadins can be used for selection of preferable genotypes of wheat with high grain quality. Methods Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyse genetic diversity of gliadins in a germplasm collection of spring bread wheat from Northern Kazakhstan. Results The highest frequencies of gliadin alleles were found as follows, in Gli1: -A1f (39.3%), -B1e (71.9%), and -D1a (41.0%); and in Gli-2: -A2q (17.8%), -B2t (13.5%), and -D2q (20.4%). The combination of these alleles in a single genotype may be associated with higher quality of grain as well as better adaptation to the dry environment of Northern Kazakhstan; preferable for wheat breeding in locations with similar conditions.

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Background. In the present-day situation, the problems pertaining to the nutritional quality of food and feed are quite pertinent for fodder production and cereal farming. The prospect to exploit hulless barley is regarded as a promising trend of agricultural research, because its grain contains chemical compounds of higher value than those in hulled barley. However, among the limiting factors of hulless barley cultivation, low yield should be mentioned, along with poor lodging resistance and susceptibility to fungal diseases. Therefore, the task of searching for and comprehensive studying of source material for hulless barley breeding is essential as the first step towards the development of high-yielding and adaptable cultivars.Materials and methods. Twenty hulless barley accessions, representing 15 botanical varieties, served as the target material for the study. Their genotypes were evaluated in the northern forest steppe environments of Tyumen Province (2015– 2017) according to the guidelines developed by the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) and field trial methods by B. A. Dospekhov. Correlation analysis was used for statistical processing of experimental data.Results and conclusion. The degree of interactions between the studied characters was measured, and their effect size in the formation of the yield was shown for hulless barley accessions. An inverse correlation of medium strength (r = –0.37) was observed between plant height and lodging resistance, and a direct relationship between plant height and yield was recorded (r = 0.37). The yield was most closely associated with grain weight per plant (r = 0.61) and 1000 grain weight (r = 0.54). The research results showed that C.I.10975 (k-30624, Ethiopia), Liguleless (k-29894, Tajikistan), Schwarze Nackte Kraftborn (k-25788, Germany) and ‘De printempe’ (k-23491, France) had relatively high yield combined with a number of other useful traits.

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Genetic diversity of plants increases the possibility of choice and provides higher adaptability of plants to adverse environmental conditions. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is one of the crops requiring attention and introduction in agricultural production. In Siberia, Russia already in 1908 the first experiments with flax were started in Tobolsk province. In the 20 th century this branch was developed on the farms of Tyumen region. Heat resources, agrochemical properties of soils, water supply are adequate for the cultivation of this crop in the northern latitudes.The study was aimed to explore the effects of seed treatment with phosphemidum on chlorophyll content and morphometric parameters of flax seedlings and plants. Seventeen samples of fibre flax and three samples of linseed of different origin (Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Canada, Czech Republic, France and Germany) from the collection of the Institute of Biology of Tyumen State University were studied. Air-dried seeds were treated with the solution of chemical agent phosphemidum in concentrations of 0.005, 0.01 and 0.1 %. Laboratory experiments revealed differences in morphometric parameters of plant seedlings. The response to seed treatment with mutagen was studied by the variability of chlorophyll content in the leaves. The samples were found to differ in the dynamics of chlorophyll accumulation by the stages of ontogenesis. All samples reacted to the increase of phosphemidum concentration by the decrease in chlorophyll content in leaves.

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