Genetic diversity of gliadin-coding alleles in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from Northern Kazakhstan

Abstract

Background Spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) represents the main cereal crop in Northern Kazakhstan. The quality of wheat grain and flour strongly depends on the structure of gluten, comprised of gliadin and glutenin proteins. Electrophoresis spectra of gliadins are not altered by environmental conditions or plant growth, are easily reproducible and very useful for wheat germplasm identification in addition to DNA markers. Genetic polymorphism of two Gli loci encoding gliadins can be used for selection of preferable genotypes of wheat with high grain quality. Methods Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyse genetic diversity of gliadins in a germplasm collection of spring bread wheat from Northern Kazakhstan. Results The highest frequencies of gliadin alleles were found as follows, in Gli1: -A1f (39.3%), -B1e (71.9%), and -D1a (41.0%); and in Gli-2: -A2q (17.8%), -B2t (13.5%), and -D2q (20.4%). The combination of these alleles in a single genotype may be associated with higher quality of grain as well as better adaptation to the dry environment of Northern Kazakhstan; preferable for wheat breeding in locations with similar conditions.

The Gluten Gene: Unlocking the Understanding of Gluten Sensitivity and Intolerance

“… 40 Different reports on the chromosomal location showed that gliadin encoding genes are found on the short arm of the homoeologous group 1 ( Gli-A1, -B1 and -D1 loci) and 6 ( Gli-A2, -B2 and -D2 loci) chromosomes. 2 Each of these loci contains multiple alleles and so far, more than 30 allelic variants have been identified for some Gli loci. 2 , 37 Gli-1 genes encode γ - and ω-gliadins and Gli-2 genes encode the α-/β- and some of the γ-gliadins ( Figure 1 ).…”

“… 2 Each of these loci contains multiple alleles and so far, more than 30 allelic variants have been identified for some Gli loci. 2 , 37 Gli-1 genes encode γ - and ω-gliadins and Gli-2 genes encode the α-/β- and some of the γ-gliadins ( Figure 1 ). 34 There are also some minor gliadin loci located on 1AS ( Gli-A3, -A5 and -A6 ), 1BS ( Gli-B3 and -B5 ) and 1DS ( Gli-D4 and -D6 ).…”

Dynamics of the genetic diversity of oat varieties in the Tyumen region at avenin-coding loci

“…A variety of molecular and biochemical markers are used to analyze intraspecific genetic diversity (Konarev et al, 2000;Montilla-Bascón et al, 2013;Shavrukov, 2016;Scheben et al, 2017). Prolamin-coding loci are very effective for assessing this indicator (Che, Li, 2007;Melnikova et al, 2010;Kudryavtsev et al, 2014;Lyalina et al, 2016;Lyubimova, Eremin, 2018a;Zobova et al, 2018;Utebayev et al, 2019). Prolamins of oat (avenins) are inherited as blocks and are controlled by three independent loci: Avn A, Avn B and Avn C, located in three homeologous chromosomes of group A (Portyanko et al, 1987(Portyanko et al, , 1998).…”

Adaptive ability of agricultural plants in extreme conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals

“…Выявлены различия по чувствительности к воздействию мутагена в первом поколении М 1 , частота и спектр мутаций во втором поколении М 2 . Для оценки биологического эффекта фосфемида использовали показатели полевой всхожести семян, биологической устойчивости растений, восприимчивости к фитопатогенным грибам, динамики накопления и деградации хлорофилла в листьях, биохимического состава зерна (Bome et al, 2017(Bome et al, , 2019aWeisfeld et al, 2019).…”