Dynamics of the genetic diversity of oat varieties in the Tyumen region at avenin-coding loci

Abstract

Molecular and biochemical markers are used to analyze the intraspecific genetic diversity of crops. Prolamincoding loci are highly effective for assessing this indicator. On the basis of the Laboratory of Varietal Seed Identification of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, 18 varieties of common oat included in the State Register of Selection Achievements in the Tyumen Region from the 1930s to 2019 were studied by electrophoresis in 2018–2019. The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of the genetic diversity of oat va rieties at avenin-coding loci. For the analysis, 100 grains of each variety were used. Electrophoresis was carried out in vertical plates of 13.2 % polyacrylamide gel at a constant vol tage of 500 V for 4.0–4.5 h. It was found that 44.4 % of the varieties are heterogeneous, each consisting of two biotypes. For three loci, 20 alleles were identified, 10 of which were detected for the first time. The allele frequency of avenin-coding loci varied with time. In the process of variety exchange, alleles that are characteristic of varieties of non-Russian origin were replaced by alleles present in domestic varieties and then in the varieties developed by local breeding institutions. The following alleles had the highest frequency in Tyumen varieties: Avn A4(50.0 %), A2(25.0 %), Avn B4(50.0 %), Bnew6(37.5 %), Avn C1(37.5 %), C2 and C5(25.0 %). These alleles are of great value as markers of agronomically and adaptively important characters for the region in question. The amount of genetic diversity of oats varied with time from 0.33 in 1929–1950 to up to 0.75 in 2019. The high value of genetic diversity in modern breeding varieties of the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Northern Trans-Urals and an increase in this indicator over the past 20 years are associated with the use of genetically heterogeneous source material in the breeding process. This allowed obtaining varieties with high adaptive potentials in the natural climatic conditions of the region.

Influence of technology elements on the yield and grain quality of spring wheat in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region

“…In the second half of the 20th -at the beginning of the 21st centuries, Siberian breeders quite successfully solve the problem of resistance of wheat varieties to lodging, although many varieties still lodge against a high nutritional background [7]. Our assessment in the experiment with different levels of mineral nutrition, as well as green manure fallow, showed high resistance to lodging of varieties Novosibirskaya 31, Iren and Tyumenskaya 25 with a yield of 4 t / ha.…”

“…At the state variety plots for the grain predecessor, the yield of wheat varieties is 1.5-2 times higher than in production. The fact is that during the period from 1937 to the present, the variety testing plots, using high doses of mineral fertilizers, performing qualitatively the elements of technology and other agricultural activities significantly increased the fertility of their fields [6][7][8]. They keep all this even during the years of perestroika.…”

Dynamics of agrochemical properties of gray forest soil of the Western Siberia’s sub-boreal zone affected by a long-term agricultural exploitation

“…The intensification of agriculture in Western Siberia has begun in the middle of the XX century and continues to the present time. Over the years of the planned economy in the USSR, the systems for increasing the fertility of Siberian soils were scientifically proved and developed [1,2,3]. The switch to a market economy promoted the transformation of the agricultural system in the direction of increasing the productivity of arable land with a simultaneous reduction in the product cost.…”

Analysis of the genetic diversity of Russian common oat varieties using alleles of avenin-coding loci

“…One of the most accessible markers is the prolamin-coding loci. Oat prolamins -avenins -are inherited by groups, and their synthesis is controlled by three avenin-coding loci -Avn A, Avn B andAvn C. The analysis of the frequency of occurrence and distribution of alleles of avenin-coding loci allows to assess the intraspecific genetic diversity and characterize the genetic transformations occurring in the population [12][13][14][15].…”