It was found that varieties Novosibirskaya 31 and Iren have an advantage in yield and grain quality over Omskaya 36 and Tyumenskaya 25 in terms of the predecessors of annual grasses and green manure fallow. For varieties Omskaya 36, Tyumenskaya 25, Iren, the background of mineral nutrition is optimal for obtaining a yield of 4 t/ha. A further increase in yield leads to a decrease in grain quality. The exception was the Novosibirskaya 31 variety, which retained the grain quality to a yield level close to 5 t/ha. The best sowing dates are the first and second.
Siberian regions, including the Northern Trans-Urals, play an important role in the production of grain and feed. The main forage crops cultivated in the region are oats and barley. Both crops have a long history of cultivation and a wide range of advantages that allow them to be used for fodder, food and technical purposes. The share of these crops in the grain wedge of the Tyumen region is more than 40%.
The creation and introduction of ecologically plastic varieties is a prerequisite for stabilizing grain harvesting. Varieties must combine good responsiveness to favourable growing conditions with resistance to limiting environmental factors. Modern technologies of cultivation of crops directly depend on climatic parameters: temperature, amount of precipitation and their distribution by months. Crop productivity can be controlled by studying and understanding the influence of the climatic potential of Western Siberia, the features of which this article is devoted to. In the current weather conditions 2015-2019. the yield of barley varieties Abalak, Acha and Vorsinsky 2 varied moderately (V = 12.2-17.8%) and ranged from 3.70 to 3.99 t/ha. Variety Chelyabinsky 99 turned out to be responsive to changes in air temperature and the amount of precipitation (V = 28.7%). The yield of oat varieties varied significantly from climatic indicators (V = 37.1-44.3%) and ranged from 1.93 to 3.38 t/ha. The variety Foma stood out especially with a maximum average yield of 3.38 t/ha and an average negative dependence on the SCC for May-September (r = - 0.29).
In 2014-2017 studies were carried out on the experimental field of the State Autonomous Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region to study the effect of predecessors on the yield of seeds of barley varieties Vorsinsky 2, Chelyabinsky 99, Acha, Abalak. It has been established that barley varieties formed a yield of 1.35-1.50 t/ha according to the predecessor wheat. At the same time the Abalak variety stood out for the better. According to the predecessor of peas, the seed yield increased to 2.04-2.30 t/ha. The varieties Acha and Abalak were more productive, the increase to the control variant was 0.80-0.81 t/ha, or 54.1-55.9%. The maximum yield of seeds of the studied barley varieties was obtained using the pure fallow predecessor and amounted to 2.27-2.41 t/ha which is 0.89-0.98 t/ha, or 59.3-68.7% higher than the control variant. In terms of seed yield the corn predecessor occupied an intermediate position between the predecessors of peas and pure fallow.
In the last decade, Ural and Siberian breeders have created a series of valuable and strong varieties of spring soft wheat, which have mainly successfully passed the State Variety Testing and are included in the Register of breeding achievements in 10 regions. These include the Irene variety, which is sown not only in Western Siberia, but also in Eastern Siberia and other regions of the country. It is well adapted to the conditions of the Tyumen region. The variety has been grown here for 13 years, but the variety technology has not yet been fully developed. It is cultivated according to generally accepted technology. Taking into account the current situation with the variety, we are conducting research on the development of elements of varietal technology. The article analyzes the results of the impact of mineral nutrition levels on the yield and quality of grain of spring soft wheat variety Irene in KRiMM Uporvo district of Tyumen region. Over the years of research (2016–2018), it was established that the leached black soil in the control version without mineral fertilizers yielded 2.57 t/ha of early maturing Irene variety. The variety reacts positively to the application of mineral fertilizers up to the yield level of 5 t/ha. At the same time, the yield is combined with the quality of grain. Profitability of application of mineral fertilizers for the yield of 4 and 5 tons per hectare was 130.7 and 139.5 %, respectively. In the control version it was 61.3 %. Irene variety is well adapted to the conditions of the Tyumen region, it is necessary to continue the study of other elements of the variety.
In 2018-2020, studies were conducted on the experimental field of the Northern Trans-Urals State Agrarian University (Russia) to study the effect of the sowing period and seeding rates on the growth, plant development, and seed yield of wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 31 and Iren. It was found that wheat varieties in the experimental variants formed a developed leaf surface equaling 27.7-36.8 and 26.0-34.1 thousand m2/ha, with a plant height of 80-90 cm. The duration of the growing season for the Novosibirskaya 31 variety in the experimental variants was 85-97 days, for the Iren variety 83-96 days. Harvesting took place in favorable weather conditions. On average, for three years, the maximum yield for the Novosibirskaya 31 variety was obtained at the second sowing period in the variant with the sowing of 6.7 million germinating grains per hectare and amounted to 4.32 t/ha, while for the Iren variety it was 3.58 t/ha at the second sowing period with a seeding rate of 6.7 million germinating grains per hectare. The maximum seed yield from the total yield of the Novosibirskaya 31 variety was obtained at the first sowing period with a seeding rate of 6.2 million germinating grains per hectare and amounted to 83.4%, while for the Iren variety it was obtained at the first sowing period with a seeding rate of 6.7 million germinating grains per hectare (81.7%).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.