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To identify the teaching approaches preferred by Brazilian coaches in the U-16 and U-18 women's teams and whether it is possible to apply long-term goals for handball training. Methods: Six experienced coaches were interviewed individually in a semi-structured format. Data were transcribed and analyzed according to the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD) method. Results: Coaches revealed a choice for the situational approach and global-functional approach in U-16 teams. In U-18 teams, coaches' choices were for the technique and situational approaches. The change of coaches' choice might be based on players' specialization, suggested to U-18 teams when coaches highlighted the increased demand for performance. On players' transition from U-16 to U-18 teams, the coaches showed less preference for the global-functional approach and increasing evidence of the technique approach. Conclusion: Global-functional and situational approaches should be given a prominent position in these teams, especially due to the development of technical-tactical aspects. However, the technical approach was recognized as a central position in U-18 teams, probably related to players' specialization and technical improvement, although it does not offer a rich environment for the development of players' decision making.

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BackgroundAnthropometric models remain appropriate alternatives to estimate body composition of peripubertal populations. However, these traditional models do not consider other body components that undergo major changes during peripubertal growth spurt, with restrictions to a multicompartimental approach as a quantitative growth. DXA has great potential to determine pediatric body composition in more than one component (3-C), but has limited use in field settings. Thus, the aim of this study was to propose and validate an anthropometric model for simultaneous estimation of lean soft tissue (LST), bone mineral content (BMC) and fat mass (FM) in healthy girls, from a multivariate approach of densitometric technique, as the criterion method.MethodsA sample of 84 Brazilian girls (7-17 years) was defined by chronological age and maturity offset. Whole total and regional DXA body scan were performed and, the components were defined (LST, BMC and FM) and considered as dependent variables. Twenty-one anthropometric measures were recorded as independent variables. From a multivariate regression, an anthropometric multicompartmental model was obtained.ResultsIt was possible to predict DXA body components with only four predictive measurements: body weight (BW); supra-iliac skinfold (SiSk); horizontal abdominal skinfold (HaSk) and contracted arm circumference (CaCi) with high coefficients of determination and low estimation errors (LST = 0.6662657 BW - 0. 2157279 SiSk - 0.2069373 HaSk + 0.3411678 CaCi - 1.8504187; BMC = 0.0222185 BW - 0.1001097 SiSk - 0.0064539 HaSk - 0.0084785 CaCi + 0.3733974 and FM = 0.3645630 BW + 0.1000325 SiSk - 0.2888978 HaSk - 0.4752146 CaCi + 2.8461916). The cross-validation was confirmed through the sum of squares of residuals (PRESS) method, presenting accurate coefficients (Q2 PRESS from 0.81 to 0.93) and reduced error reliability (SPRESS from 0.01 to 0.30).ConclusionsWhen sophisticated instruments are not available, this model provides valid estimates of multicompartmental body composition of girls in healthy Brazilian pediatric populations.

O sobrepeso e o desenvolvimento motor pobre nas crianças e adolescentes, que podem ser constatados em diferentes regiões e classes sociais, decorrem sobretudo do estilo de vida sedentário. Por si, o sedentarismo é um fator de risco para as doenças crônicas e mortalidade, principalmente na vida adulta, e por isso deve ser combatido desde a infância. Urbanização, desenvolvimento industrial, meios de comunicação, aparelhos eletrônicos, falta de estímulo e de exemplo dos pais se constituem num ambiente favorável para prática insuficiente de atividades físicas por até 81% das crianças e adolescentes. Por outro lado, há grande número de possibilidades para prática de exercícios de intensidade moderada a vigorosa, que efetivamente possam proporcionar benefícios para os jovens. Quando a Educação Física escolar não é suficiente, seja por seu conteúdo ou limitação de número de aulas, as escolas de esportes, os exercícios de musculação nas academias, o treinamento funcional e o CrossFit estão entre as opções que podem motivar os jovens. Os esportes e modalidades de treinamento proporcionam o desenvolvimento de uma gama de capacidades físicas, o pleno desenvolvimento somático e de aspectos cognitivos e emocionais. Cabem aos pais dois importantes papéis neste início de caminhada dos filhos para o estilo de vida ativo. Em primeiro estimular e deixar de lado crenças e informações enganosas sobre riscos de algumas modalidades de treinamento; em segundo garantir que os filhos pratiquem a modalidade escolhida sob supervisão de um profissional de Educação Física, de forma a garantir a correção postural durante os exercícios, execução correta dos movimentos, o feedback para os aprendizes, a adequada densidade das sessões e o cumprimento dos princípios do treinamento físico para proporcionar os melhores benefícios.

The purpose of this study was to investigate elementary students’ perceptions of PE teacher credibility. Eight high- and low-skilled students from grades 3 and 5 were selected from a school employing a PE teacher holding a National Board Certification. Data were collected in the school setting utilizing observations, field notes, an open-ended questionnaire, student drawings, a photo elicitation activity, and group and individual interviews. Data were analyzed inductively and deductively using Miles and Huberman’s (1994) four-stage analysis in relation to source credibility theory (Hovland, Janis, & Kelley, 1953). Data trustworthiness was ensured through a peer debriefer, reflexivity journal/audit trail and triangulation. In the eyes of the students, a credible PE teacher “Looks Like One,” “Practices What She Preaches,” and “Is an ‘Awesome’ Pedagogue.” Implications for both current PE teachers and PETE programs concerned with teacher effectiveness and, consequently, student learning are discussed.

Reduced levels of children’s physical activity (PA) and fundamental motor skills (FMS) along with increased sedentary behaviors have been observed in recent years. Yet, associations between these variables are not yet well established. This study aimed to observe the associations between FMS, PA and sedentary time in elementary school children. We evaluated 148 children (70 boys; Mage = 8.7, SD = 1.4 years old) from a private school using the Test of Gross Motor Development – Second Edition (TGMD-2) to measure FMS and examine locomotor, object control, and gross motor skills. We used accelerometry to measure PA performed on weekdays, weekends and total PA. We used descriptive statistics, partial correlations controlling for sex and age, and linear regression adjusted for sex and equivalent motor age to explain the relationships. Total moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) (β: 0.153; p = .009) and weekend MVPA (β: 0.171; p = .003) were significantly associated with FMS, regardless of gender and equivalent motor age. Sedentary time was not significantly associated with FMS ( p = .065). Girls and boys who met PA recommendations (≥60 minutes/day of moderate to vigorous PA) had higher frequencies of high ratings on the TGMD-2 ( p < .001 e p = .001, respectively). MVPA was associated with children’s FMS development, possibly affecting the quality of movement performed in children's daily lives.

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