The aim of the study is to analyze soil cultivation technologies and development trends of tillage machines in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The prospects of using dump and non-dump soil tillage are shown. Existing basic processing technologies are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of traditional technologies and plows for primary tillage are analyzed. The advantages of the new technology of smooth plowing and frontal plows for its implementation are given. The expediency of developing and implementing combined machines that carry out various technological processes in one pass of the unit and special-purpose plows for working in gardens and on slopes based on frontal plows is substantiated. The perspectives of the application of technologies and tools for anti-erosion and land reclamation cultivation, phytomeliorative works based on minimal narrow-band soil cultivation and sowing are shown. Directions of developments in the field of mechanization of tillage in the future are given.

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The aim of the research is to substantiate the main parameters of the machine working elements for preparing the soil for sowing on the ridges and their mutual location. The authors have developed a machine that performs all technological operations to prepare the soil for sowing potatoes on the ridges in one pass in the field. The machine performs surface loosening of the soil, strip deep loosening of the soil, formation of ridges, loosening of the surface layer of the ridge top, compaction, and giving them a trapezoidal shape in one pass. The design of the developed machine for the realization of technology of preparing the soil for potatoes sowing is resulted. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. Theoretical studies established the following parameters of the working bodies of the machine: the working width of the bodies 200 mm, length of the blade wing 515-545 mm, angle of slope of the ploughshare left to its base 60, length and height of the guide knife respectively 150 mm and 80 mm, the longitudinal distance between the bodies within 350-400 mm, width and length of the drill bit 80 mm and 115 mm respectively, the working width of the lancet leg 150 mm.

The analysis of soil processing technologies for sowing melons was carried out. When performing technological operations for sowing melons, it is necessary to perform basic and pre-sowing treatment of soil, as well as open irrigation furrows. Carrying out such operations is associated with high energy costs and multiple passes of units across the field. It is proposed to carry out strip processing of the soil for sowing melons. For its implementation, the design of a combined tillage system is proposed, which performs plowing, pre-sowing treatment and formation of irrigation furrows in one pass. When performing basic soil treatment, the plow working bodies of the front plow are used for smooth plowing, which ensures the turnover of the soil layer in its own furrow. The plow bodies of a two-body plow are installed along the axis of symmetry of the gun according to the Lister scheme. At the same time, not a complete turnover of soil layers is provided. They are simultaneously stacked in such a way that when the gun passes at their junction, an irrigation furrow is formed. Behind the plow cases, a ripping and leveling device is installed for strip pre-sowing treatment of the soil in the sowing zone. As such a working body, rotary working bodies with spherical knife elements are used, behind which a slatted roller is located. Using a combined tillage unit can reduce labor costs by up to 25 %, energy consumption for the process of preparing the soil by up to 50 %, and reduce the time of work, soil compaction and preserve moisture in the soil layer.

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To ensure the agricultural production of the plant protein, it is advisable to cultivate leguminous crops, such as white lupine (Lupinus albus), which are rich in plant protein. White lupine is an easily threshed crop. Its seeds are large enough, so the main problem is to avoid seed damage during harvesting. To improve the harvesting technology of white lupine, the authors suggest using grain combine harvesters with axial flow threshing and separating mechanism (TSM). They consider it necessary to modify the design of such combine harvesters to eliminate repeated threshing of a grain (seed) mass and decrease threshing intensity in a threshing separating mechanism. The authors have also provided grounds for technological parameters of a combine harvester – a rotor speed and a concave clearance. The recommended rotor speed should be approximately 350–400 min^–1 and the concave clearance should be 40 mm.

In Russia, the cultivated fields represent a major issue. According to various estimates, they occupy 20-40 million hectares. Of course, this is a great reserve for the development of agriculture and, if necessary, production of in-demand crops. However, if the fields are not used for a long term, they become gradually overgrown with weeds during quarantine: ragweed, hogweed, shrubs and trees. Subsequent introduction of these fields in turnover requires multiple treatments of the soil and the use of potent herbicides due to the high cost of the uprooting of trees. Based on the decisions of the Russian Federation on land conservation, the land management project defining the terms of land conservation, prevention of land degradation, restoring of soil fertility and bringing of life to contaminated areas as well as the order of how these activities should be carried out and their cost and suggestions for land use after the completion of the mentioned processes was developed. However, the technology of land conservation is yet to be developed.

The work of the air-and-screen cleaner of a grain combine harvester is considered. Flows of grainstraw heap supplied for cleaning are evaluated. The methods of splitting the heap into grain and nongrain parts are described. To improve the work of the grain combine harvester cleaner, several design solutions are proposed that make possible an intensified fractionation of straw-grain heap. In the modified design of the lipped screen, the combs of the upper working sections of neighboring louver boards are offset by one half of the comb pitch The paper outlines the technological process of air-screen cleaning in a combine harvester. The uniformity of the air flow in the cleaning of the combine, which ensures the efficiency of the work, is considered. The authors give account of straw-grain flows supplied for cleaning in the form of a heap. The ways of dividing the heap into grain and the non-grain part are shown, in particular. To improve the cleaning process in a combine harvester, a number of design solutions have been proposed, which makes it possible to intensify the process of dividing straw-grain heaps into fractions. This provides for an increased heap division into grain and nongrain parts. To isolate small impurities, an additional fine-mesh sieve is installed in the cleaning system between the lower sieve and the inclined bottom. This is relevant when cleaning clogged weeds of crops. Grain falls on this sieve and slides over it to get to the grain auger, while fine impurities pass through the sieve. In order to remove these impurities from the cleaning system, a sluice gate is installed at the lower end of the inclined bottom. Such a design of the cleaning system allows obtaining cleaner grain in the combine harvester, which will result in reduced energy consumption in its post-harvest processing.