The aim of the study is to analyze soil cultivation technologies and development trends of tillage machines in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The prospects of using dump and non-dump soil tillage are shown. Existing basic processing technologies are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of traditional technologies and plows for primary tillage are analyzed. The advantages of the new technology of smooth plowing and frontal plows for its implementation are given. The expediency of developing and implementing combined machines that carry out various technological processes in one pass of the unit and special-purpose plows for working in gardens and on slopes based on frontal plows is substantiated. The perspectives of the application of technologies and tools for anti-erosion and land reclamation cultivation, phytomeliorative works based on minimal narrow-band soil cultivation and sowing are shown. Directions of developments in the field of mechanization of tillage in the future are given.

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The aim of the study is to study and analyze the process of penetration (deepening) of the frontal plow. Dependencies are obtained for determining the length of the deepening of the serial and frontal plows into the soil. The dynamics of the process of deepening of the frontal plow is analyzed depending on its dynamic characteristics. A differential equation is obtained that characterizes the process of deepening the frontal plow. Theoretical and experimental studies have established that the depth of the frontal plow is significantly affected by the weight of the plow, traction resistance and the relative position of its working bodies. The length of the path of penetration of the frontal plow does not depend on the width of the plow and is 2.0-2.5 m, which is 3-3.5 times less than the path length of a serial plow of equal width.

The technologies used to prepare the soil for sowing cotton seeds in Uzbekistan have a number of significant drawbacks. Therefore, reducing labour and energy costs, as well as saving resources when cultivating crops based on advanced technologies and developing high-performance agricultural machines is of current interest. The aim of this study is to substantiate the machine parameters for forming ridges in the cotton fields with a simultaneous application of fertilizers. New technology has been developed for the formation of ridges with a simultaneous application of fertilizer in the fields with harvested cotton stalks, which loosens the soil in the middle of existing furrows of the cotton-plant, loosening the existing ridge with simultaneous application of fertilizers and forming new ridges in their place in one pass. An improved chisel – cultivator – fertilizer with ridge – forming agents were developed to implement the proposed technology. It has been established that the formation of a high – quality ridge is ensured with local fertilizer application along with a sowing line of a required degree with the following relative positions of the machine’s working bodies: a minimum longitudinal distance from the cultivator to the support wheel is 20 cm, a minimum longitudinal distance of the ridge former to the cultivator coulter is 31.3 cm, the distance between adjacent rippers 60 or 90 cm, the transverse distance from the cultivator to the support wheel is 30 or 45 cm.

Seedbed preparation to achieve desired aggregate size requires many tillage operations when performed on dry soil. A very common implement used for the initial operation is the moldboard plough, subsequent passes may include disk, chisel ploughs, cultivators, rototillers and harrows. Therefore ploughing should form flat soil surface to ensure favorable conditions for performance of subsequent operations. Mechanical reconsolidation by fragmenting and packing at spot ploughing on dry soils was studied in a soil bin, and on loam soil in the field. The results show that in dry soil fragmentation by ploughing and packing is attained by tearing the natural clods from each other and by stressing and translocating them. The maximum bulk density after ploughing was about 964 kg m-3, after ploughing and packing was about 1071 kg m-3 . Packing considerably reduced soil surface roughness from about 0.12m to 0.04m. Moreover, packing by rolling increased soil fragmentation from about 68.2 % (after ploughing) to 79.8 %. A series of experiments showed that the roller had only a slight influence on draught resistance. The spot ploughing draught were increased about 1.3% at this operating conditions.

This paper highlights the necessity of system modification of the main soil slopes processing by developing new technologies of processing eroded soils and technical means to protect a soil from wind and water erosion, reduce processing energy costs, improve moisture accumulation and preservation, and increase the aggregate productivity. An improved differentiated system of slopes soil tilling is proposed, including a crest-stepped ploughing with complete alternation (at 180° within the range of own furrow) and incomplete turnover of the layers and mouldboardless two-tier tilling. During the first year, a crest-stepped ploughing was carried out on slope fields affected by water and wind erosion. Thus, stratum’s subsurface layers are strip loosened. To implement this technology, an improved plough for crest-stepped ploughing developed on the basis of a stepped plough for furrowless smooth tillage is proposed. The rotation was carried out with mould boardless two-tier soil tilling by a ripper with inclined posts. Further, it is recommended to develop and implement combined machines able to simultaneously conduct mould boardless and mouldboard soil tilling, strip subsurface loosening, fertilizer application and other manipulations to prepare soil for sowing and the sowing per one passage of the unit to protect soil from wind and water erosion.