The technologies used to prepare the soil for sowing cotton seeds in Uzbekistan have a number of significant drawbacks. Therefore, reducing labour and energy costs, as well as saving resources when cultivating crops based on advanced technologies and developing high-performance agricultural machines is of current interest. The aim of this study is to substantiate the machine parameters for forming ridges in the cotton fields with a simultaneous application of fertilizers. New technology has been developed for the formation of ridges with a simultaneous application of fertilizer in the fields with harvested cotton stalks, which loosens the soil in the middle of existing furrows of the cotton-plant, loosening the existing ridge with simultaneous application of fertilizers and forming new ridges in their place in one pass. An improved chisel – cultivator – fertilizer with ridge – forming agents were developed to implement the proposed technology. It has been established that the formation of a high – quality ridge is ensured with local fertilizer application along with a sowing line of a required degree with the following relative positions of the machine’s working bodies: a minimum longitudinal distance from the cultivator to the support wheel is 20 cm, a minimum longitudinal distance of the ridge former to the cultivator coulter is 31.3 cm, the distance between adjacent rippers 60 or 90 cm, the transverse distance from the cultivator to the support wheel is 30 or 45 cm.
The applied methods of applying fertilizers for cotton in Uzbekistan do not fully ensure the supply of nutrients to the plant's root system. The study aims to substantiate the technological process of uniform distribution of fertilizers in the root development zone and the parameters of coulters. When the fertilizer is distributed in the root development zone in tiers and the right ratio, the coefficient of their use increases, and the yield of cotton increases. The research uses the laws and rules of theoretical mechanics, mathematical statistics, mathematical planning of experiments, and the methods given in existing regulatory documents. The technology of forming new ridges instead of existing ridges and new furrows instead of existing furrows in fields with harvested husk with simultaneous fertilization and an improved chisel cultivator-fertilizer with comb-forming agents for its implementation, as well as the results of theoretical studies to substantiate the main parameters of the tuk coulter chisel-cultivator are presented. The study determined the parameters of universal fertilizer Coulter chisel-cultivator of fertilizer: the base cone of the diffuser in the form of an ellipse with minor axis width 10 mm, height tool provider relative to the upper base of the truncated cone of 60 mm, and a diameter of a half-cylinder of 20 mm.
The authors have shown that current methods of soil fertilizing for growing cotton crops in Uzbekistan do not ensure the full supply of nutrients to the root system of plants. Providing the required amount of fertilizers is distributed in tiers in the zone of root development, the ratio of their use and cotton yield will increase. (Research purpose) To determine the design parameters of a spreading funnel of a subsoil tiller for three-tiered fertilizer application. (Materials and methods) The paper provides a design of the developed spreading funnel for three-tier fertilizer application. A subsoil tiller is equipped with a spreading funnel, which consists of a cylindrical and inclined funnel-shaped part, a conductive channel and a lower distributor. Installed in the conductive channel are two branch pipes with reflective plates that cut through the supplied fertilizers and direct them to the corresponding soil horizon. (Results and discussion) The authors have studied the movement of mineral fertilizer granules along the conductive channel; experimentally analyzed the effect of the length of the protruding part of reflective plates of the nozzle and the inclination angle of the funnel spreading pipeline on the distribution of fertilizers and the unevenness of fertilizer supply to the upper, middle and lower tiers. They have also determined the parameters of an intake funnel of the vertical pipeline, branch pipes and movable plates of the upper and middle tiers, and a fertilizer spreader of the lower tier. (Conclusions) The authors have proved that the qualitative distribution of mineral fertilizers at predetermined application depths of the upper and middle tiers is ensured at a length of their nozzles of 260 and 240 millimeters and the protruding part of the reflective plates of the fertilizer channel of 26-30 millimeters and 33-37 millimeters, respectively. At the same time, 40-45 percent of fertilizers is distributed in the lower, i.e. the third tier. The authors have chosen optimal parameters of the lower spreading funnel: a groove inclination angle in the longitudinal-vertical plane of 17-19 degrees; a groove inclination angle in the transverse vertical plane of 29 degrees; a rear edge height of the groove in the middle part of 2.5 millimeters, and at the end – 0.5 millimeters.
The pipeline distributor carries out deep loosening of the soil and three-tier fertilization. The study aims to determine the traction resistance of the working body of the ripper with a distribution pipe. The study uses the basic provisions of mathematics, theoretical mechanics, and agricultural mechanics. The method of calculating the traction resistance of the cultivator-fertilizer equipped with pipelines-distributors for three-tier fertilization is presented. The components of the balance of traction resistance are determined. Analytical dependencies are obtained for determining the traction resistance of the working body of the ripper with a distribution pipe. It has been established that the traction of the ripper working body with the fertilizer distributor depends on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, the blade thickness and length of the chisel blade, the length of the working surface of the share, the angle of crumbling and the solution of the share, the width of the working body and the speed of movement. The traction resistance of the pipeline is 12-12.5% of the traction resistance of the rack and 4-5% of the total traction resistance of the ripper working body.
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