To ensure the agricultural production of the plant protein, it is advisable to cultivate leguminous crops, such as white lupine (Lupinus albus), which are rich in plant protein. White lupine is an easily threshed crop. Its seeds are large enough, so the main problem is to avoid seed damage during harvesting. To improve the harvesting technology of white lupine, the authors suggest using grain combine harvesters with axial flow threshing and separating mechanism (TSM). They consider it necessary to modify the design of such combine harvesters to eliminate repeated threshing of a grain (seed) mass and decrease threshing intensity in a threshing separating mechanism. The authors have also provided grounds for technological parameters of a combine harvester – a rotor speed and a concave clearance. The recommended rotor speed should be approximately 350–400 min<sup>–1</sup> and the concave clearance should be 40 mm.
The work of the air-and-screen cleaner of a grain combine harvester is considered. Flows of grainstraw heap supplied for cleaning are evaluated. The methods of splitting the heap into grain and nongrain parts are described. To improve the work of the grain combine harvester cleaner, several design solutions are proposed that make possible an intensified fractionation of straw-grain heap. In the modified design of the lipped screen, the combs of the upper working sections of neighboring louver boards are offset by one half of the comb pitch The paper outlines the technological process of air-screen cleaning in a combine harvester. The uniformity of the air flow in the cleaning of the combine, which ensures the efficiency of the work, is considered. The authors give account of straw-grain flows supplied for cleaning in the form of a heap. The ways of dividing the heap into grain and the non-grain part are shown, in particular. To improve the cleaning process in a combine harvester, a number of design solutions have been proposed, which makes it possible to intensify the process of dividing straw-grain heaps into fractions. This provides for an increased heap division into grain and nongrain parts. To isolate small impurities, an additional fine-mesh sieve is installed in the cleaning system between the lower sieve and the inclined bottom. This is relevant when cleaning clogged weeds of crops. Grain falls on this sieve and slides over it to get to the grain auger, while fine impurities pass through the sieve. In order to remove these impurities from the cleaning system, a sluice gate is installed at the lower end of the inclined bottom. Such a design of the cleaning system allows obtaining cleaner grain in the combine harvester, which will result in reduced energy consumption in its post-harvest processing.
Digital methods for diagnosing the technical condition of equipment are considered. It has been established that the most important means of increasing the efficiency of the use of agricultural machinery is the in-place identification of the parameters of the technical condition of the machine without disassembling it by improving the methods of monitoring the quality of work through the introduction of modern digital technologies.
The natural gas usage as a vehicle fuel in the mining industry is one of the priority tasks of the state. The article pays special attention to the component composition of natural gas from the point of view of its thermal efficiency during combustion in the combustion chamber of a power plant on a heavy-duty vehicle in difficult quarry conditions. For this, domestic and foreign methods for determining the main indicator characterizing the knock resistance of fuel in the combustion process – the methane number – are considered. Improvement of technical and economic indicators will be carried out by changing the composition of the gas mixture based on methane to fit the design features of the gas power plant, the methane number will be the determining indicator. A theoretical analysis of the influence of the methane number on such engine parameters as the compression ratio and the maximum speed of the flame front propagation in the second phase of combustion in the engine cylinder, expressed through the angle of rotation of the crankshaft, is presented. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies, the dependences of the influence of the methane number on the efficiency of the working process of the engine and its external speed characteristic were obtained.
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