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Nanotechnology has provided a platform for altering, modifying, and developing metal properties to nanoparticles with promising applications. This study aimed to produce functionalized and biocompatible silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using cellular extracts of endophytic Fusarium oxysporum-NFW16 isolated from Taxus fauna and evaluate its antibacterial potential. Under optimized reaction conditions, welldispersed and extremely stable AgNPs were synthesized in 1 hr. AgNPs were characterized through UV-visible spectrophotometry (at 423 nm), and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The obtained AgNPs were spherical, monodispersed, and size was $30-36.1 nm. Strong peaks of XRD (311), ( 220), (200), and (111) matched to silver plane's diffraction facets. FTIR spectra at 1,650, 2,950, and 1,400 cm À1 confirmed the capping of AgNPs with phenolic compounds and compounds having primary amines. The AgNPs showed 100 μg/ml of minimum inhibitory concentration against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In addition, AgNPs showed a synergistic effect with both vancomycin and ciprofloxacin against MRSA (25%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (50%), and pus isolated Escherichia coli (50%).Moreover, AgNPs impregnated cotton and bandage showed in vitro antibacterial potential against American Type Culture Collection and skin-associated clinical pathogenic bacteria. Findings showed that endophytic fungi are the potential source for AgNPs synthesis that are effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria and the development of antimicrobial textile finishes.

Background Glaciers of the Hindu Kush region are highly susceptible to climate change. Recently, a severe glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) hit the supraglacial region at the frontier of Dook Pal Glacier. Information on the bacterial community in a freshly appeared supraglacial lake after GLOF is essential to probe the bacterial distribution pattern after immediate unlocking from the supraglacial region. After GLOF, geochemistry and bacterial diversity, distribution, community structure, and function were examined in the lake-debris and melt-water. Results In general, concentrations of dissolved free amino acids were similar between lake-debris and melt-water, potentially toxic elements and cations were greater in lake-debris, and anions concentrations were greater in melt-water. In addition, there was comparable diversity in the glacial melt-water and lake-debris; Proteobacteria dominated in lake-debris (33.1–94.5%), while Proteobacteria (36.7–50.5%) and Firmicutes (44–62%) dominated in melt-water. It is more likely that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes shifted towards melt-water after GLOF, creating an uneven distribution of communities in the lake-debris; however, a relatively even distribution was maintained in melt-water. Genes responsible for metabolism and energy production were higher in lake-debris than in melt-water bacteria; whereas, genes for other cellular mechanisms were higher in melt-water than in lake-debris bacteria. Conclusions This study offers valuable datasets in understanding the bacterial diversity, distribution and function as a consequence of GLOF at the glacial frontier.