No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

This paper gives a structured literature overview of coordinated charging of electric vehicles (EVs). The optimization objective, scale and method of each coordination strategy are the three parameters used to characterize and compare different approaches. The correlation between the three parameters and the research category are investigated, resulting in a correlation mapping of the different approaches.

This article investigates the combined low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV) residential grid impact for slow and fast electric vehicle (EV) charging, for an increasing local penetration rate and for different residential slow charging strategies. A realistic case study for a Flemish urban distribution grid is used, for which three residential slow charging strategies are modeled: uncoordinated charging, residential off-peak charging, and EV-based peak shaving. For each slow charging strategy, the EV hosting capacity is determined, with and without the possibility of fast charging, while keeping the grid within its operating limits. The results show that the distribution grid impact is much less sensitive to the presence of fast charging compared to the slow charging strategy. EV-based peak shaving results in the lowest grid impact, allowing for the highest EV hosting capacity. Residential off-peak charging has the highest grid impact, due the load synchronization effect that occurs, resulting in the lowest EV hosting capacity. Therefore, the EV users should be incentivized to charge their EVs in a more grid-friendly OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 1761 manner when the local EV penetration rate becomes significant, as this increases the EV hosting capacity much more than the presence of fast charging decreases it.

This paper discusses the charging of multiple plugin hybrid electric vehicles in an apartment building, equipped with a photovoltaic system. Different charging strategies and charging power ratings are examined, which are assessed in terms of their grid impact, the self-consumption of local electricity generation and the electric driving range. The impact of a residential building, which incorporates EV charging, on the distribution grid can be significantly reduced by using simple EV charging strategies. These strategies include complementing nighttime with daytime charging, peak shaving at vehicle level and charging the surplus of local generation. Effective results are obtained using only knowledge of the present battery state of charge, next departure time and the instantaneous local generation surplus. The simultaneity of the EV charging and the photovoltaic production increases. The increase in electric driving range is negligible for three-phase charging.Index Terms-Distributed coordinated charging, Electric vehicles, Photovoltaic system, Residential building charging.