Apartment Building Electricity System Impact of Operational Electric Vehicle Charging Strategies

Abstract

This paper discusses the charging of multiple plugin hybrid electric vehicles in an apartment building, equipped with a photovoltaic system. Different charging strategies and charging power ratings are examined, which are assessed in terms of their grid impact, the self-consumption of local electricity generation and the electric driving range. The impact of a residential building, which incorporates EV charging, on the distribution grid can be significantly reduced by using simple EV charging strategies. These strategies include complementing nighttime with daytime charging, peak shaving at vehicle level and charging the surplus of local generation. Effective results are obtained using only knowledge of the present battery state of charge, next departure time and the instantaneous local generation surplus. The simultaneity of the EV charging and the photovoltaic production increases. The increase in electric driving range is negligible for three-phase charging.Index Terms-Distributed coordinated charging, Electric vehicles, Photovoltaic system, Residential building charging.

Impact of Second-Generation Plug-In Battery Electric Vehicles on the Aging of Distribution Transformers Considering TOU Prices

“…1) Impact of FG PBEVs on Distribution Transformers' Overload: Studies [4]- [9] focused on assessing the impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) on distribution transformers by quantifying the number of distribution transformers experiencing overload during a typical day. The outcome of these studies has raised a red flag regarding the number of distribution transformers that may experience overload during the hours at which PHEVs charge.…”

The Concept of EV’s Intelligent Integrated Station and Its Energy Flow

“…Another study proposes a multi-objective EV charging station planning method, which can ensure charging service while reducing power losses and voltage deviation of distribution systems [39]. In addition, many studies focus on the charging scheduling of EVs at a charging station equipped with renewable energy generation devices, considering the uncertain arrival of EVs, the intermittence of renewable energy, and the variations of electricity prices [40,41].…”

PV-based EV charging station with vehicle-to-grid services for business premises

“…However, neither PV nor BES has been considered in these papers. Deterministic grid load or grid load ignored [16,17,47,53,57,75,[80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87] Recorded grid load data; probabilistic EV load [88] Constructed worst case scenario with deterministic EV load [89] Probabilistic EV and grid loads [32,90,91] Deterministic PV output [17,83,84] Probabilistic PV output [47,75,86] For probabilistic modelling, the combined EV load is a function of the number of EVs [82,85], their charging characteristics with respect to SOC as discussed in Section 2.2 and various other parameters. Referred to Table 2.7, among these parameters, daily travel distance, arrival time and departure time are frequently used.…”

“…A developed tool to generate the probabilistic EV loads or the parameters above can also be observed in [83]. Daily travel distance [16,17,53,57,75,80,81,84,87,91,92] Arrival time [16,53,57,81,87,90,92] Departure time [57,80,[86][87][88] Parking duration [80] Arrival SOC [53,86,87,90,93] Dynamic of number of EVs arriving and departing [86] Number of EVs simultaneously parked [47,53,82,85,87,91] Charging characteristics of EV battery [53,82] Discharging characteristics of EV battery [17] Dynamics of the SOC of EV battery [16,17,26,47,53,80,83,86,…”

“…Travel distances are known [138,141] Its empirical distribution is a given [64] First and last trip times modeled by time-invariant Normal distributions [67,137] Charging start time modeled by a time-invariant Normal distribution [53] Exact charging start time is known [64,83] Individual SOC, i.e., x k+ is in X k+ , is updated after every timeslot [17,136,138,145] …”