Impact of Second-Generation Plug-In Battery Electric Vehicles on the Aging of Distribution Transformers Considering TOU Prices

Assolami, Yasser O.; Morsi, Walid G.

doi:10.1109/tste.2015.2460014

Cited by 37 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The basic energy density of the hydrogen FC system, in watt‐hours per litre, is compared with that of batteries and IC systems (along with other features of interest) in Table 2 (i) [25, 26]. Table 2 (ii) [27, 28] reviews the relative fuel economy and range for several recent (2011–2017) vehicle models using different energy source variants.…”

Section: Vehicle Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of prospects for adoption of fuel cell electric vehicles in New Zealand

Jayakumar

Chalmers

Lie

2017

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation

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New Zealand's (NZ) thirst for hydrocarbon-based fuels for transportation is rising exponentially, resulting in two severe consequences: first, severe emissions of greenhouse gases and a range of pollutants, and second, the dependence on foreign petroleum imports to provide those fuels. Thus there is a stimulus to develop, and to utilise, energy systems that are reliable and sustainable. The implementation of the hydrogen-based fuel cell (FC) system for electric vehicles (EVs) appears to be a promising solution because the FC is now established as a reliable, non-polluting energy source, having a high power density that competes favourably with the conventional internal combustion (IC) engine and the battery vehicle. This study provides a comprehensive review of the proton exchange membrane (PEM)-based FC, and assesses its potential in FC vehicles as an alternative to internal-combustion-based vehicles for NZ cities. The study indicates a need for FCs to penetrate the automotive market, plus key government and business strategies for the introduction of PEM EVs.

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Section: Vehicle Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of prospects for adoption of fuel cell electric vehicles in New Zealand

Jayakumar

Chalmers

Lie

2017

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation

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“…Numerous studies address the impact of various DERs (primarily EVs and PVs) on the grid and its assets -e.g., overvoltages due to PV -and examine DER capabilities -e.g., the provision of reactive power [5]- [14]. Several works investigate also the impact of EVs on distribution transformers [6]- [8], [10], [11]. They focus on the acceleration of transformer degradation from increasing EV penetration, noting that transformer aging is dependent upon the thermal effects of persistent transformer loading.…”

Section: A Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing literature investigating the EV impact on distribution transformers [6]- [8], [10], [11] includes mostly quantitative simulation studies considering various charging schedules and assessing their impact on transformer Loss of Life (LoL). Indicative results show that the daily LoL of a residential service transformer may almost double if EVs charge upon arrival [11], and that simple "open-loop" EV charging, e.g., delay until after midnight that may be promoted by Time of Use rates, can actually increase, rather than decrease, transformer aging under likely circumstances [7].…”

Section: B Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution Network Marginal Costs: Enhanced AC OPF Including Transformer Degradation

Andrianesis

Caramanis

2020

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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This two-part paper considers the day-ahead operational planning problem of a radial distribution network hosting Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) including Solar Photovoltaic (PV) and storage-like loads such as Electric Vehicles (EVs). We estimate dynamic Distribution nodal Location Marginal Costs (DLMCs) of real and reactive power and employ them to co-optimize distribution network and DER schedules. In Part I, we develop a novel AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) model encompassing transformer degradation as a short-run network variable cost, and we decompose real/reactive power DLMCs into additive marginal cost components related to (i) the costs of real/reactive power transactions at the T&D interface/substation, (ii) real/reactive power marginal losses, (iii) voltage and (iv) ampacity congestion, and (v) a new transformer degradation marginal cost component. Our detailed transformer degradation model captures the impact of incremental transformer loading during a specific time period, not only on its Loss of Life (LoL) during that period, but also during subsequent time periods. To deal with this phenomenon, we develop methods that internalize the marginal LoL occurring beyond the daily horizon into the DLMCs evaluated within this horizon. In Part II, we use real distribution feeders to exemplify the use of DLMCs as financial incentives that convey sufficient information to optimize Distribution Network, and DER (PV and EV) operation.

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“…Many studies have addressed the negative impacts of EV charging causing: (i) transformer aging acceleration [11], (ii) voltage deviation [32], (iii) power loss increase [32], (iv) voltage and current imbalance [10] and (v) harmonics injection [33]. For example, if we assumed only two EVs are charging from 10 kW residential fast charger [5] from the same DT sized as 50 kVA, the DT loading will increase by 40% (i.e.…”

Section: Sds Design Without Considering Ev Chargingmentioning

confidence: 99%