MV and LV Residential Grid Impact of Combined Slow and Fast Charging of Electric Vehicles

Abstract

This article investigates the combined low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV) residential grid impact for slow and fast electric vehicle (EV) charging, for an increasing local penetration rate and for different residential slow charging strategies. A realistic case study for a Flemish urban distribution grid is used, for which three residential slow charging strategies are modeled: uncoordinated charging, residential off-peak charging, and EV-based peak shaving. For each slow charging strategy, the EV hosting capacity is determined, with and without the possibility of fast charging, while keeping the grid within its operating limits. The results show that the distribution grid impact is much less sensitive to the presence of fast charging compared to the slow charging strategy. EV-based peak shaving results in the lowest grid impact, allowing for the highest EV hosting capacity. Residential off-peak charging has the highest grid impact, due the load synchronization effect that occurs, resulting in the lowest EV hosting capacity. Therefore, the EV users should be incentivized to charge their EVs in a more grid-friendly OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 1761 manner when the local EV penetration rate becomes significant, as this increases the EV hosting capacity much more than the presence of fast charging decreases it.

Multi-Time Scale Control of Demand Flexibility in Smart Distribution Networks

“…The authors in [18,19] investigated impacts of different charging schemes in distribution networks and developed various control algorithms (e.g., energy shifting [20], load profile smoothing [21], valley filling [22], peak-shaving [23], and loss minimization [24]) to address grid issues. In addition, an adaptive control algorithm based on predefined voltage and current sensitivity is proposed in [25] to mitigate grid constraints violations.…”

Electric vehicle charging station microgrid providing unified power quality conditioner support to local power distribution networks

“…Research shows that the accumulation of uncontrolled EV loads will affect the load characteristics of a local grid, impacting voltage profiles and power quality. 15,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Proper charging management is essential for EV integration. In our previous work, 35 we proposed an interactive charging/discharging management approach for large-scale EV charging facilities where EVs are clustered under the supervision of an aggregator.…”

“…The idea of using EV charging stations as power filters, in load shifting, as generation reserve, in frequency regulation, and as a STATCOM have been proposed. When EVs are connected to the grid, the charging devices will affect the power quality of local distribution network in such aspects as voltage deviation, voltage unbalance, and harmonics . Researches have been performed to eliminate the detrimental impacts on the power quality by EV chargers .…”

“…When EVs are connected to the grid, the charging devices will affect the power quality of local distribution network in such aspects as voltage deviation, voltage unbalance, and harmonics. [15][16][17] Researches have been performed to eliminate the detrimental impacts on the power quality by EV chargers. 9,18 A unified power quality conditioner (UPQC), which combines a serial active power filter with a parallel active power filter, is an integrated compensator that improves power quality.…”

Aggregator-Based Interactive Charging Management System for Electric Vehicle Charging

“…Optimized charging management is required to maintain a fair interaction between EVs on a large scale as huge mobile distributed power sources and the grid itself are used to increase the EV access rate. Many proposed schemes show that proper charging management can lessen the impact of EVs on the grid [5,6]; nevertheless, EV charging management should still be further explored for different requirements.…”