Physical and Chemical Parameters of Water Fish Pond Black Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Water is a natural resource that is essential for the survival of humans and other creatures, role of water is essential for life on earth, especially fish in the water habitat. Fish need a comfortable environment in order to be healthy and growing optimally. Therefore, the water, used as a habitat of life for the fish, have certain requirements. So the quality of the water must be very noted. Tilapia is a freshwater fish that has a great tolerance towards the environment, therefore it is highly appreciated by fish farmers in Indonesia. Study of physical and chemical parameters in water of tilapia fish pond was done due to lack of review of water quality of tilapia fish pond. The review is based on a sampling of water, i.e. morning and afternoon. A review of the pond water quality was expected to assist fish farmers got information about the qualities of water of tilapia fish pond in physical and chemical characteristics. The method of this research was Grab (momentarily) methods in water sampling. Testing of water samples in physics done visually for color parameters, temperature using a thermometer device, and brightness parameters was using the secchi disk. In testing the chemical parameters were measurement of pH was using a pH meter Winkler method was done for the parameters of dissolved oxygen (DO). Titrimetric method was done for the parameters of total hardness, and carbon dioxide, whereas for ammonia parameter was done by spectrophotometric method were measured using UV-Vissible. After testing all the parameters then interpretation was done for the parameter data. The results showed the water quality of tilapia fish pond in the area Laladon – Bogor was not yet qualified for a good fish pond water based on ISO 7550: 2009 Product ion of tilapia growing level in calm water pond, for parameter Ammonia levels should be <0.02 mg / L, and based on PPNo.8, on water Quality Standard by 2001. The difference in the parameter levels in the morning and during the day due to the process of respiration at night by the aquatic organisms that produce CO2 gas and the process of photosynthesis during the day by plankton, microalgae, and other aquatic plants to produce a compound O2. The existence of other human activities during the day also affects the difference in the data levels in the morning and day time.Keywords: Tilapia, pond water qualityABSTRAK Air merupakan sumber daya alam yang sangat penting bagi kelangsungan hidup manusia dan makhluk lainnya, Peranan air sangat penting bagi makhluk hidup di bumi terutama ikan yang berhabitat di dalam air. Ikan membutuhkan lingkungan yang nyaman agar dapat hidup sehat dan tumbuh secara optimal. Oleh karena itu air yang digunakan sebagai sumber kehidupan bagi ikan, memiliki persyaratan tertentu. Sehingga kualitas dari air harus sangat di perhatikan. Ikan nila merupakan ikan air tawar yang memiliki nilai toleransi yang besar terhadap lingkungannya sehingga sangat diminati oleh petani ikan di Indonesia. Studi parameter fisika dan kimia pada air kolam ikan nila dilakukan karena kurangnya peninjauan terhadap kualitas air kolam ikan nila. Peninjauan tersebut dilakukan berdasarkan waktu pengambilan sampel air, yaitu pada pagi dan siang hari. Peninjauan kualitas air kolam diharapkan dapat membantu para petani ikan mendapatkan informasi mengenai kelayakan kolam ikan nila secara fisika dan kimia. Metode yang dilakukan penelitian ini adalah metode Grab (sesaat) untuk pengambilan sampel air. Pengujian sampel air secara fisika dilakukan secara visual untuk parameter warna, suhu dengan menggunakan alat pengukur suhu, dan metode secchi disk untuk parameter kecerahan. Pada pengujian parameter kimia dilakukan pengukuran pH dengan alat pengukur pH. Metode Winkler dilakukan untuk parameter dissolved oxygen (DO). Metode titrimetrik dilakukan untuk parameter s kesadahan total, dan karbondioksida, sedangkan untuk parameter ammonia dilakukan dengan metode spektrofotometri yang diukur dengan menggunakan alat spektrofotometer UV-Vissible. Setelah dilakukan pengujian semua parameter maka dilakukan interpretasi data hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kualitas air kolam ikan nila di daerah Laladon – Bogor belum memenuhi syarat untuk air kolam ikan yang baik berdasarkan SNI 7550:2009 Produksi ikan nila tingkat pembesaran di kolam air tenang, untuk parameter Ammonia dengan kadar <0,02 mg/L, dan berdasarkan Baku Mutu PPNo.82 tahun 2001. Terjadinya perbedaan kadar pada pagi dan siang hari dikarenakan terjadinya proses respirasi pada malam hari oleh organisme air sehingga menghasilkan senyawa CO2 dan terjadinya proses fotosintesis pada siang hari oleh plankton, mikroalga, dan tanaman air lainnya sehingga menghasilkan senyawa O2. Adanya aktifitas lain pada siang hari juga mempengaruhi terjadinya perbedaan kadar pada pagi dan siang hari.Kata kunci : Ikan nila, Kualitas air kolam
Weed Identification and Potential under the Stands o Superior Teak Nusantara (JUN) in Experiment Garden of Universityof Nusa Bangsa, Cogreg, Bogor Weed is a plant that the presence is not desirable because it can reduce the results achieved by the plant production. Weeds is an important component in forest ecosystems that must be taken their role. Composition and diversity of weed will determine the forest structure that will ultimately affect the ecological function of the forest. The presence and diversity of weeds under JUN stands in the area of Nusa Bangsa University experimental garden in Cogreg areas need to be studied and identifie for its potential to be used and prevention as well. The method of analysis used in this study was the least squares method of 0,5 m x 0,5 m and made 10 sample plots under the stand of JUN. Weeds were identified by using the description book based on morphological characteristics, the type, amount and its potential as a medical plant. The results showed that there were 15 types of weeds under JUN stands, namely Oxalis barrelieri, Phyllanthus niruri, Nephrolepis biserata, Ageratum conyzoides, Borreria latifolia, Molineria longiflora, Murdanium nudiflora, Synedrella nodiflora, Acalypha indica L, Echinochloa crus – galli (L.) P. beauv, Commelina diffusa Burm, Asystasia sp. and Clibadium surinamense. Among all the types of weeds, Borreria latifolia were dominant.Keywords : Teak Superior Archipelago (JUN), weeds, identification, medicinal plants ABSTRAK Gulma merupakan tumbuhan yang kehadirannya tidak diinginkan karena dapat menurunkan hasil yang dicapai oleh tanaman produksi. Gulma merupakan komponen penting dalam ekosistem hutan yang harus diperhitungkan perannya. Komposisi dan keanekaragaman gulma ikut menentukan struktur hutan yang pada akhirnya akan berpengaruh pada fungsi ekologis hutan. Kehadiran dan keanekaragaman gulma di bawah tegakan JUN di areal kebun percobaan Universitas Nusa Bangsa di daerah Cogreg perlu dipelajari dan diidentifikasi untuk dimanfaatkan potensinya maupun untuk penanggulangan gulma. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode kuadrat 0,5m x 0,5m dan dibuat 10 petak contoh di bawah tegakan JUN. Gulma diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan buku deskripsi berdasarkan ciri morfologi, jenis, jumlah serta potensinya sebagai tumbuhan obat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 15 jenis gulma di bawah tegakan JUN, yaitu Oxalis barrelieri, Phyllanthus niruri, Nephrolepis biserata, Ageratum conyzoides, Borreria latifolia, Molineria longiflora, Murdanium nudiflora, Synedrella nodiflora, Acalypha indica L, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv, Commelina diffusa Burm, Asystasia,sp,dan Clibadium surinamense. Diantara semua jenis gulma tersebut, yang mendominasi adalah Borreria latifolia.Kata Kunci: Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN), gulma, identifikasi, tanaman obat
Optimization of Drying Temperature Using Oven on Quality of Black Pepper and White Pepper Powder Pepper (Piper Nigrum L) is an Indonesian spice plant widely used for export and import activity. The post-harvest process of pepper affected the quality, especially on the drying process. One of secondary metabolite compound is piperin. Piperin is an active substance of alkaloid group giving a distinctive spicy flavor to the pepper. Drying process by using the oven could improve the quality of pepper. The results showed that the optimum temperature for white pepper was 85° C for 20 minutes with the water content of 10.65%, total mold/yeast was 1 x 104 colony/g, and piperin content of 4.58%. For Black pepper, the optimum temperature was at 105° C for 20 minutes with the moisture content of 7.84%, total mold/yeast was 1.3 x 104 colony/g and piperin 5,01%.Keywords: White Pepper, Black Pepper, Piperin Content.ABSTRAK Lada (Piper Nigrum L) adalah tanaman rempah Indonesia yang banyak digunakan untuk ekspor dan impor. Proses pasca panen lada yang tidak maksimal menyebabkan kualitas menurun. Lada memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa piperin. Piperin adalah zat aktif golongan alkoloid yang memberikan cita rasa pedas khas pada lada. Pengeringan dengan menggunakan oven mampu meningkatkan mutu lada. Hasil penelitian menunjukan suhu optimum untuk pengovenan lada putih adalah 85°C selama 20 menit dengan kadar air sebesar 10,65 %, AKK 1 x 104 koloni/ g, dan kadar piperin 4,58 %. Lada hitam efektif pada suhu optimum 105°C selama 20 menit dengan kadar air sebesar 7,84 %, AKK 1,3 x 104 koloni / g dan kadar piperin 5,01 %.Kata kunci : Lada Putih, Lada Hitam, Kadar Piperin
Proximate and Gel Strenght Analysis of Agar from Dry Seaweed in some Traditional Markets Seaweeds are good material in processing to intermedite and finish product like agar – agars in Indonesia still in a semi-modern and traditional methods. This led Indonesia still make import the agar gelatin from other countries. The purpose of the study was to increas use the dried seaweed in traditional markets for the products of gelatin and to provide the nutrition information, like water content, ash content, crude fat, protein, carbohydrates, crude fiber, the levels of sulfate and gel strength of processed gelatin from dry seaweed. Dried seaweed used in this study, obtained from a traditional market in Bogor, Bekasi and Jakarta. Proximate result and the gel strength from extracted agar powder samples would compared with commercial flour agar. Research results obtained extracted agar – agar powder samples had lower chemical content and gel strength than the commercial agar, but it still could be used as food, although in very small amounts.Keywords : dry seaweeds, proximate analysis, gel strength, agar – agar ABSTRAK Pengolahan rumput laut menjadi bahan olahan seperti agar – agar di Indonesia masih secara tradisional dan semi modern. Hal ini menyebabkan Indonesia masih mengimpor agar – agar dari negara lain. Manfaat dan tujuan penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan rumput laut kering yang banyak terdapat di pasar – pasar tradisional menjadi produk agar – agar dan memberikan informasi kandungan nutrisi yang berupa air, abu, lemak kasar, protein, karbohidrat, serat kasar, kadar sulfat serta kekuatan gel dari agar –agar hasil olahan rumput laut kering. Rumput laut kering yang digunakan pada penelitian ini, diperoleh dari pasar tradisional di Bogor, Bekasi dan Jakarta. Hasil proksimat dan kekutan gel dari sampel tepung agar – agar hasil ekstrak kemudian dibandingkan dengan tepung agar – agar komersial berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh sampel tepung agar – agar hasil ekstraksi dengan kandungan kimia dan kekuatan gel yang lebih rendah dari agar – agar komersial, tetapi masih dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan walaupun dalam jumlah yang sedikit.Kata kunci : rumput laut kering, analisis proksimat, kekuatan gel, agar – agar
Increase environmental problems, such as air pollution and temperatures increase in DKI Jakarta, make the existence of urban forests very important. Trees have an important role becausethey function as the most efficient carbon sink and storage in urban areas. Along with the<br />increasing number of visitors carrying vehicles, the higher the potential for air pollution in Ragunan Wildlife Park (TMR). The objectives of this study are: To analyze the community structure of tree species that have potential carbon stocks, and estimate carbon stocks stored in tree trunks. The study was conducted in four regions (north, west, east, south) Ragunan Wildlife<br />Park, DKI Jakarta. Vegetation analysis was carried out by calculating the Important Value Index (INP), and carbon stock analysis was carried out through the Allometric approach. The highest INP value was mahoni (Swietinia macrophylla) amounting to 45.51%, cengal pasir (Hopea<br />odorata) 33.31%, and dao (Dracontomelon dao) 28.26%. The largest amount of carbon reserves is found in the western region, which is 52,503 kg / ha, and the largest contribution of carbon stocks is from dao trees (Dracontomelon dao) of 30,091 kg / ha, cengal sand 25,372 kg / ha, oil<br />palm (Elaeis guinensis).
The Influence of Lighting to The Phytochemistry, Chlorophyll and Biomass Content of Sembung Leaves (Blumea balsamifera) The secondary metabolite compounds on the sembung leaves are an active biopharmaceutical matter. Increase of the bio active production on field condition can be conducted by improving the plant biomass through shade and the period of lighting. The purpose of this research was to understand the influence of lighting to the phytochemical content, chlorophyll and biomass of sembung leaves that planted in the plantation area, Cogreg, Parung Bogor. The steps of this research consisted of the planting of sembung leaves in different lighting each treatment, the calculation of leaves biomass weight , the preparation of samples, the determination of the water level of samples, the phytochemical test of leaves samples and the analysis of chlorophyll content. Observation of the growth of sembung plants conducted periodically, starting from planting to the harvest. The results of statistical analysis of T test, on the observation of the growth of plants period I and period II showed that the average of the high and number of leaves differ significantly between plants that use shade and without shade (sig<0.05). The number of leaves sembung biomass planted without shade was heavier than planted with the shade. The water level of sembung leaves sample was 9,5 %. Total chlorophyll level of sembung leaves showed that the total chlorophyll level of the sembung leaves without shade was 15,6319 mg/L, while the total chlorophyll level of the sembung leaves with shade was 20,0982 mg/L. Based on the phytochemical test showed that the secondary metabolite compound which contained in both of sembung leaves sample grown using shade or without shade did not differ significantly to flavonoid, saponin, glycosides, alkaloids and terpenoid.Keywords: Blumea balsamifera, phytochemistry, chlorophyll, lighting ABSTRAK Senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada daun sembung merupakan bahan aktif biofarmaka. Pemacuan produksi bioaktif tanaman pada kondisi lapang dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan biomassa tanaman melalui naungan dan periode pencahayaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pencahayaan terhadap kandungan fitokimia, klorofil dan biomassa daun sembung yang ditanam di areal perkebunan Cogreg Parung Bogor. Tahapan penelitian terdiri atas penanaman dengan perlakuan pencahayaan yang berbeda pada setiap petak terpisah, penghitungan bobot biomassa daun, preparasi simplisia, penetapan kadar air simplisia, uji fitokimia simplisia daun dan analisis kandungan klorofil. Pengamatan pertumbuhan tanaman dilakukan secara periodikal dari mulai tanam hingga panen. Hasil statistik Uji T pada pengamatan pertumbuhan tanaman periode I & II menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata tinggi sembung dan jumlah daun berbeda secara signifikan antara tanaman yang menggunakan naungan dan tanpa naungan dengan nilai sig<0,05. Jumlah biomassa daun sembung yang ditanam tanpa naungan menghasilkan berat lebih besar dibandingkan dengan naungan. Kadar air simplisia daun sembung sebesar 9,5 %. Kadar klorofil total daun sembung tanpa naungan dan dengan naungan berturut-turut adalah 15,6319 mg/L dan 20,0982 mg/L. Kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder simplisia daun sembung adalah flavonoid, saponin, glikosida, alkaloid, dan terpenoid.Kata kunci : Blumea balsamifera, fitokimia, klorofil, pencahayaan
Activated Bentonits of Sulfatic Acid as Adsorben in Purchase of Used Lubricants Recycling of used lubricating oil is one of the alternatives in the framework of efficiency, saving oil consumption, and reducing pollution. One effort to purify used lubricating oil is to separate impurities through the adsorption method. The adsorbent that can be used is bentonite. Activation of bentonite using acid will produce adsorbent with an active side and greater surface acidity so that the adsorption ability is higher than before activated. Characteristics of lubricating oil produced are: kinematic viscosity 40 °C and 100 °C at 109.94 cSt and 14.57 cSt recently; viscosity index is 136; specific gravity 15 °C is 0.8872; and the resulting color is L5.0. Activated sulfonic bentonite can be an optimum adsorbent in purifying used lubricating oil, with optimum bentonite concentration is 30% and optimum adsorption temperature is 70 °C resulting in a 49% increase in viscosity efficiency of 40 °C and 30.79% for temperatures of 100 °C.Keywords: Bentonite, Lubricants, Adsorption ABSTRAK Daur ulang minyak pelumas bekas merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam rangka efisiensi, penghematan konsumsi minyak bumi, serta mengurangi pencemaran. Salah satu upaya menjernihkan minyak pelumas bekas adalah dengan memisahkan zat-zat pengotor melalui metode adsorpsi. Adsorben yang dapat digunakan adalah bentonit. Aktivasi bentonit menggunakan asam akan menghasilkan adsorben dengan sisi aktif dan keasaman permukaan yang lebih besar sehingga kemampuan adsorpsinya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sebelum diaktivasi. Karakteristik minyak pelumas yang dihasilkan yaitu: viskositas kinematik 40 °C dan 100 °C sebesar 109,94 cSt dan 14,57 cSt secara berturut-turut; indeks viskositas sebesar 136; specific gravity 15 °C sebesar 0,8872; serta warna yang dihasilkan adalah L5,0. Bentonit teraktivasi asam sulfat mampu menjadi adsorben yang optimum dalam pemurnian minyak pelumas bekas, dengan konsentrasi bentonit optimum adalah 30% dan suhu adsorpsi optimum adalah 70 °C menghasilkan % efisiensi kenaikan viskositas sebesar 49,15% untuk suhu 40 °C dan 30,79% untuk suhu 100 °C.Kata kunci : adsorpsi, bentonit, pelumas
Aflatoksin B1 Binding with Tubers of Iles-Iles (Amorpophallus oncophylus) Extract on InvitroAnimal feed plays an important role in determining livestock productivity and food security for humans. Animal feed produced by the animal feed industry is still corn-soya based, its raw material composition is dominated by soybean and corn meal, which is easily contaminated with aflatoxin. Aflatoxin compounds known to cause disruption to both animals and humans, because it is carcinogenic. Some aflatoxin binding methods have been using glucomannan containing yeast product (GYP), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), zeolite, bentonite, kaolin, and activated carbon, and this method is imported so the price is quite expensive. This study aims to test the ability of extracted iles-iles as a binder of aflatoxin B1 in feed in vitro. The results showed that iles-iles extract can bind aflatoxin well like glucomannan from Mycosorb although the binding of Aflatoxin by Amorphophalus extract is less bound than the binder of Mycosorb. Giving extracts weighing 41.25; 82.1 and 102.75 mg have the aflatoxin binding ability with a 3.88-axis increase in succession; 6.25 and 5.97 ppb or as high as 9.86; 15.8; 15.2%. The binding of aflatoxin with glucomannan from the mycosorb product was able to absorb 27.10% aflatoxin in 41.25 mg binder weight and decrease in binder material 82.1 mg (19.63%) and 102.75 mg (23.97% ).Keywords: Aflatokin B1, iles-iles tubers, glucomannanABSTRAKPakan ternak memiliki peran penting karena menentukan produktivitas ternak maupun keamanan pangan bagi manusia. Pakan ternak yang diproduksi oleh industri pakan ternak masih berbasis corn-soya, komposisi bahan bakunya didominasi oleh bungkil kedelai dan jagung, yang mudah terkontaminasi aflatoksin. Senyawa aflatoksin diketahui dapat menimbulkan gangguan baik pada hewan maupun manusia, karena bersifat karsinogenik. Beberapa metode pengikatan aflatoksin selama ini menggunakan glucomannan containing yeast product (GYP) (Mycosorb®), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), Zeolit, bentonit, kaolin, dan karbon aktif dan metode ini bahannya berasal dari import sehingga harganya cukup mahal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kemampuan hasil ekstraksi iles-iles sebagai pengikat aflatoksin B1 dalam pakan secara in vitro. Hasil penelitian didapat bahwa ekstrak iles-iles dapat mengikat aflatoksin dengan baik seperti glukomanan dari Mycosorb walaupun pengikatan Aflatoksin oleh ekstrak Amorphophalus lebih sedikit terikatnya dibandingkan dengan pengikat dari Mycosorb. Pemberian ekstrak dengan berat 41,25 ; 82,1 dan 102,75 mg memiliki kemampuan mengikat aflatoksin dengan kecenderungan meningkat secara berturut turut 3,88; 6,25 dan 5,97 ppb atau sebesar 9,86; 15,8; 15,2%. Pengikatan aflatoksin dengan glukomannan dari produk mycosorb mampu menyerap 27,10% aflatoksin pada penggunaan bahan berat pengikat 41,25 mg dan menurun pada bahan berat bahan pengikat 82,1 mg (19,63%) dan 102,75 mg (23,97%).Kata kunci : Aflatokin B1, umbi iles-iles, glukomanan
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