Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) is a staple food that all parts of the plants can be consumed from the leaves, stems and corms. In the framework of breeding, diversity of characters has needed and somaclonal variation induction is the one of the utilized technological option. This research aims to develop somaclonal variation of Bogor taro to expand the diversity of character that leads to a new genotype which will then be multiplicated in order to meet the needs of superior seeds. Induction made to the apical shoots culture of Bogor taro with gamma ray irradiation doses of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy. Evaluation of the mutants were conducted with AFLP markers and quantitative similarity analysis using UPGMA method. The results show that the gamma ray give influence on the number of leaves and the highest at doses of 10 Gy, not so on the new shoots and dose 20 Gy is a lethal dose. AFLP analysis of the 13 samples taro Bogor generate 235 fragments in the size of 50-255 bp and produces a dendogram with similarity coefficients 0.49 to 0.81 that the induction of somaclonal variation produces a diversity of up to 51% compared to the parent.
Bogor Taro is an important local staple food, a potential substitute to rice as carbohydrate source in Indonesia. However, its production in the last decade tends to decline due to unsuccessful breeding program. Taro contains both nutrients (carbohydrate) and anti-nutrients, such as calcium oxalate that cause itching sensations when consumed. At present, through somaclonal variation technology by gamma radiation, six mutant-clones have been produced. We investigated technology to improve carbohydrate content and to depress calcium oxalate on the six mutant-clones available. We used iodometric titration to examine carbohydrate levels, permanganometric titration to measure calcium oxalate levels, argentometric titration to determine cyanide acid levels, and extraction method-gravimetric for saponins. We found, there were three mutant clones which have higher carbohydrate and lesser calcium oxalate content compared to the parent, namely B521 (5 Gy gamma radiation), B1023 (10 Gy gamma radiation) and B1511 (15 Gy gamma radiation) clones which will be proliferate to be a superior seeds.
Weed Identification and Potential under the Stands o Superior Teak Nusantara (JUN) in Experiment Garden of Universityof Nusa Bangsa, Cogreg, Bogor Weed is a plant that the presence is not desirable because it can reduce the results achieved by the plant production. Weeds is an important component in forest ecosystems that must be taken their role. Composition and diversity of weed will determine the forest structure that will ultimately affect the ecological function of the forest. The presence and diversity of weeds under JUN stands in the area of Nusa Bangsa University experimental garden in Cogreg areas need to be studied and identifie for its potential to be used and prevention as well. The method of analysis used in this study was the least squares method of 0,5 m x 0,5 m and made 10 sample plots under the stand of JUN. Weeds were identified by using the description book based on morphological characteristics, the type, amount and its potential as a medical plant. The results showed that there were 15 types of weeds under JUN stands, namely Oxalis barrelieri, Phyllanthus niruri, Nephrolepis biserata, Ageratum conyzoides, Borreria latifolia, Molineria longiflora, Murdanium nudiflora, Synedrella nodiflora, Acalypha indica L, Echinochloa crus – galli (L.) P. beauv, Commelina diffusa Burm, Asystasia sp. and Clibadium surinamense. Among all the types of weeds, Borreria latifolia were dominant.Keywords : Teak Superior Archipelago (JUN), weeds, identification, medicinal plants ABSTRAK Gulma merupakan tumbuhan yang kehadirannya tidak diinginkan karena dapat menurunkan hasil yang dicapai oleh tanaman produksi. Gulma merupakan komponen penting dalam ekosistem hutan yang harus diperhitungkan perannya. Komposisi dan keanekaragaman gulma ikut menentukan struktur hutan yang pada akhirnya akan berpengaruh pada fungsi ekologis hutan. Kehadiran dan keanekaragaman gulma di bawah tegakan JUN di areal kebun percobaan Universitas Nusa Bangsa di daerah Cogreg perlu dipelajari dan diidentifikasi untuk dimanfaatkan potensinya maupun untuk penanggulangan gulma. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode kuadrat 0,5m x 0,5m dan dibuat 10 petak contoh di bawah tegakan JUN. Gulma diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan buku deskripsi berdasarkan ciri morfologi, jenis, jumlah serta potensinya sebagai tumbuhan obat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 15 jenis gulma di bawah tegakan JUN, yaitu Oxalis barrelieri, Phyllanthus niruri, Nephrolepis biserata, Ageratum conyzoides, Borreria latifolia, Molineria longiflora, Murdanium nudiflora, Synedrella nodiflora, Acalypha indica L, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv, Commelina diffusa Burm, Asystasia,sp,dan Clibadium surinamense. Diantara semua jenis gulma tersebut, yang mendominasi adalah Borreria latifolia.Kata Kunci: Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN), gulma, identifikasi, tanaman obat
Antioxidant Activity of Aquous Extract of Sembung Leaf (Blumea balsamifera) Simplicia medicinal plants are more commonly known by the term of herbal medicine in the form boiling and steeping. Sembung leaf water extracts content of secondary metabolites has potential natural antioxidant. An antioxidant is a substance that can prevent or slow down the deterioration of a substance. This research aimed to test the potential of antioxidant in water extracts of leaves sembung (Blumea balsamifera) in the form of boiling and steeping using DPPH method through determination of IC50 values. Best antioxidant test results found in extracts of steeping the leaves with IC50 values of 155,65 ml/l while the extract boiling sembung with IC50 values indicated by 293,80 ml/l, antioxidant standards testing used was quercetin.Keywords : antioxidant, aquous extract, Blumea balsamifera, DPPH ABSTRAK Simplisia tanaman obat yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah jamu sering diaplikasikan dalam bentuk godogan dan seduhan. Ekstrak air daun sembung memiliki kandungan metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami. Antioksidan merupakan substansi yang dapat mencegah atau memperlambat kerusakan suatu zat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji potensi antioksidan ekstrak air daun sembung (Blumea balsamifera) dalam bentuk seduhan dan godogan dengan metode DPPH melalui penentuan nilai IC50. Hasil uji antioksidan terbaik terdapat pada ekstrak seduhan daun sembung dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 155,65 ml/l sedangkan ekstrak godogan sembung menunjukan nilai IC50 sebesar 293,80 ml/l, sebagai standar pengujian antioksidan digunakan kuersetin.Kata kunci : Antioxidan, extract air, Blumea balsamifera, DPPH
One of the things that are important to consider when fertilizing is how to place the fertilizer so that plants can consume nutrients efficiently. The research objective was to assess the precision of soil conservation based on fertilizer placement so that fertilizers could increase the production of taro effectively. This study applied four treatments, namely without fertilizer, placing manure in the planting hole, placing manure in the biopore, and placing manure on the borders. The three treatments were given 1 kg of goat manure. The treatment was performed with six replications. Harvesting is carried out in 8 months after planting. The results showed that the placement of manure on the borders was the most effective treatment with the highest yield of wet tubers of 21.4 Mg/ha and was not different from the treatment of manure in biopore 18.3 Mg/ha.This yield was different significantly as compared to that of resulted from treatments where fertilizer was placed in the planting hole (15.9 Mg/ha) or the production of taro without manure application (11.57 Mg/ha). Keywords: Organic fertilizers, production, soil conservation, taro
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