Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of death worldwide. One of the causes of high morbidity and mortality is progressive and irreversible nature of the disease and current treatments are still not optimal in resolving these problems. Thus, this paper aims to describe the potential effect of combination of fucoidan and bone marrow stem cells (namely FuMA stem cells) as the novel management of AMI. Method: The method used in our paper was literature searching by including the keywords of AMI, BMSCs, and fucoidan. Result: Fucoidan from brown seaweed has shown a great potential effect as anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, anti-atherogenic, anti-Latar Belakang: Infark miokard akut (IMA) adalah penyebab utama kematian di dunia. Salah satu penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi adalah sifat penyakit yang progresif dan ireversibel serta perawatan saat ini masih belum optimal dalam menyelesaikannya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan potensi kombinasi dari fukoidan dan sel induk sumsum tulang (BMSCs) (FuMA stem cells) sebagai manajemen terbaru IMA. Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah pencarian literatur dengan memasukkan kata kunci dari IMA, BMSCs, dan fukoidan. Hasil: Fukoidan dari rumput laut coklat telah menunjukkan oxidant, and anti-fibrotic. It limits the infarct area and increases SDF-1, CXCR4 and Akt expression as well as LVEF. However, fucoidan has not been able to regenerate cardiomyocyte cells in AMI. It takes a combination of BMSCs that have been shown to prevent the expansion of infarction area and improve post-infarction function. Conclusion: Thus, FuMA stem cells hold a great potential novel therapy for AMI. Further studies are needed to unveil the potential of FuMA stem cells in AMI management. Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction, Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), Fucoidan, Cells regeneration therapy potensi besar sebagai antiinflamasi, antikoagulan, antiaterogenik, antioksidan, antifibrotik dan membatasi area infark dan peningkatan ekspresi SDF-1, CXCR4, dan Akt serta LVEF. Namun, fukoidan belum mampu meregenerasi sel kardiomiosit pada IMA. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan kombinasi dengan BMSCs; BMSCs telah terbukti dapat mencegah perluasan area infark dan memperbaiki fungsi miokard pasca infark. Simpulan: Dengan demikian, FuMA stem cells memiliki potensi besar sebagai terapi baru yang efektif dari IMA. Penelitian lebih lanjut sangat diperlukan untuk mengungkap potensi FuMA stem cells dalam manajemen IMA.

Background: Oxidative stress plays a role in the obesity mechanism, thus leads to premature aging. High antioxidant capacity in Bajakah tampala stem may effectively lessen oxidative stress and reduce fat mass and body weight accordingly. This study aimed to provide Bajakah tampala stem extract's effect in lowering ROS level, visceral fat weight, and overall weight of obese male Wistar rats. Method: A true experimental design was conducted on male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months with obesity. Thirty-two obese rats were evenly divided into a placebo group and a group given Bajakah tampala stem extract, with 16 rats in each group. For 28 days, both groups were fed a high-fat diet. The subject body weights were weighed every week. ROS levels and visceral fat weight were evaluated after the intervention was done. Comparative analysis between groups was performed. Results: The results showed mean levels of ROS (56.2 ± 7.4 U/ml vs. 400.9 ± 50.7 U/ml; p < 0.001), visceral fat weight (2.6 ± 0.2 g vs. 3.4 ± 0.9 g; p < 0.001), and the final body weight (241.5 ± 2.8 g vs. 261.5 ± 13.8 g; p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the study group than the control group. Conclusion: The study indicates Bajakah tampala stem extract administration effectively reduced ROS levels, visceral fat weight, and body weight in obese male Wistar rats.

Introduction: Paraquat exposure causes aging because it induces oxidative stress marked by decreased level of SOD and increased MDA serum level. Macassar fruit contains bioactive compounds such as vitamin C, flavonoids, tannins and polyphenol that have antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to prove that Macassar fruit extract increased the level of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) enzyme and reduce the level of Malodialdehid (MDA) in male Swiss Webster mice treated by paraquat. Methods: A randomized pretest-posttest control group study was conducted using 14 male mice which were 2-3 months old, healthy and had 25-30 gram in weight. They divided into 2 groups namely P0 (control) and P1 (Treatment). Both groups were treated by paraquat but only group P1 received 20 mg Macassar fruit extract while the P0 only got 1 cc placebo for 14 days. Results: Our result showed that the level of SOD was increased in P1 group from 17.18±1.69 U/ml to 67.56±3.65 U/ml (p<0.01) while no change was observed in P0 group 16.97 ±1.45U/ml to 17.07±1.89 U/ml (p>0.05). However, no effect on MDA level was observed as the level of MDA tended to slightly decrease in both groups. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Macassar fruit extract 20 mg/kgBB significantly increased the level of SOD whilehave no effect on MDA level in male mice Swiss Webster treated by paraquat.

Pendahuluan: Penurunan fungsi paru merupakan masalah besar pada pasien pascaoperasi jantung. Berbagai teknik latihan napas telah dikembangkan fisioterapi di antaranya deep breathing exercie (DBE), namun teknik ini tidak memberikan informasi volume inspirasi saat latihan. Untuk mengatasi kelemahan latihan DBE maka ditambahkanlah program incentive spirometry.Tujuan penelitian untuk membuktikan penambahan latihan IS pada DBE lebih baik dalam meningkatkan FVC dan FEV1 pada pasien pascaoperasi jantung dibanding hanya DBE. Material dan metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan eksperimental dengan rancangan pretest-posttest control group design. Jumlah sampel penelitian 22 orang dan terbagi ke dalam dua kelompok. Kelompok Perlakuan 1 (KP1) mendapat perlakuan DBE, sedangkan Kelompok Perlakuan 2 (KP2) mendapat perlakuan IS dan DBE. Pengukuran FVC dan FEV1 menggunakan spirometri. Masing-masing kelompok mendapat perlakuan sehari setelah pascaoperasi sampai pasien pulang rawat inap. Hasil penelitian: Dari program DBE pada KP1 terjadi peningkatan FVC dengan nilai rerata pre test 1,33±0,41 liter dan post test 1,74±0,36 lite, dimana p<0,05, demikian juga terdapat peningkatan FEV1 dengan nilai rerata pretest 1,09±0,36 liter dan Posttest 1,46±0,49 liter, dengan p<0,05. Sementara program DBE dan IS pada KP2 terjadi peningkatan FVC dengan nilai rerata pre test 1,12±0,39 liter dan post test 1,84±0,54 liter, dengan nilai p<0,05. Demikian juga terjadi peningkatan rerata FEV1 pre test 1,01±0,40 liter dan post test 1,56±0,52 liter, dengan nilai p<0,05. Perbedaan peningkatan FVC intervensi DBE pada KP1 dan IS+DBE pada KP2 1,74±049 liter dan 1,82±0,54 liter dengan nilai p>0,05. Rerata FEV1 setelah  intervensi  DBE pada KP1 1,46±0,49 liter, dan  setelah intervensi DBE dan IS pada KP2 1,56±0,52 liter, dengan p>0,05. Perbedaan selisih peningkatan FVC  pada tambahan IS + DBE  dan DBE 0,7 liter dan 0,55 liter dan FEV1 0,41 liter dan 0,37 liter.  Simpulan: Disimpulkan bahwa latihan antara IS+DBE dan DBE   pada pasien pascaoperasi jantung sama-sama dapat meningkatkan FVC dan FEV1 secara bermakna, secara statistik selisih peningkatan FVC dan FEV1 antara IS+DBE dibanding DBE tidak bermakna.

Pendahuluan: Keseimbangan dinamis merupakan sistem gerak yang berfungsi mengontrol dan mempertahankan posisi tubuh yang melibatkan sistem neuromuskular, muskuloskeletal dan kognitif dengan perubahan dari center of gravity. Keseimbangan merupakan komponen penting dalam aktivitas motorik dan kontrol postural. Hal ini dapat terganggu karena kondisi flexible flatfoot. Flexible Flatfoot adalah bentuk telapak kaki datar yang disebabkan oleh hilangnya arkus longitudinal medial saat berdiri dan akan muncul saat telapak kaki tidak menyentuh tanah yang akan menyebabkan keseimbangan dinamisnya terganggu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan perbedaan efektivitas kombinasi foot muscle strengthening dan kinesiotaping dengan foot muscle strengthening terhadap peningkatan keseimbangan dinamis pada anak dengan flexible flatfoot.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan rancangan pre and post test control group design. Subyek penelitian ini berjumlah 26 orang, yang terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok, dimana Kelompok Perlakuan (n=13) diberikan intervensi foot muscle strengthening dan kinesiotaping sedangkan Kelompok Kontrol (n=13) diberikan intervensi foot muscle strengthening. Diberikan perlakuan 3x seminggu selama 6 minggu. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan random sampling. Keseimbangan dinamis diukur dengan balance beam walking test dan flexible flatfoot diukur dengan wet foot print test. Hasil: pada Kelompok Perlakuan diperoleh beda rerata keseimbangan dinamis sebelum intervensi sebesar 1,77±0,927 dan sesudah intervensi sebesar 3,54±0,877 dengan nilai p=0,001. Sedangkan hasil penelitian Kelompok Kontrol diperoleh beda rerata keseimbangan dinamis sebelum intervensi sebesar 1,46±0,776 dan sesudah intervensi sebesar 2,62±0,870 dengan nilai p=0,001. Uji beda sesudah intervensi pada Kelompok Perlakuan dan Kelompok Kontrol dengan menggunakan independent samples t-test didapatkan p=0,013 (p<0,05).Simpulan: kombinasi foot muscle strengthening dan kinesiotaping lebih baik dibandingkan dengan foot muscle strengthening terhadap peningkatan keseimbangan dinamis pada flexible flatfoot. Saran: baik intervensi foot muscle strengthening dan kinesiotaping dapat digunakan sebagai intervensi fisioterapi dalam meningkatkan keseimbangan dinamis pada anak dengan flexible flatfoot.Kata Kunci: Flexible Flatfoot, Keseimbangan Dinamis, Foot Muscle Strengthening, Kinesiotaping, Balance Beam Walking Test, Wet Foot Print Test.

Colorectal cancer is a cancer occurs at the colon and rectum. Colorectal cancer is the second most cancer in developing countries with high mortality rate. For many years, genetic alterations have been traditionally seen as a driving force in the cancer initiation and progression. In recent years, however, epigenetic alterationis considered play an important role in cancer development. Epigenetic refers to heritable changes in the regulation of gene activity and expression that occurs without alteration of DNA sequence. Epigenetic controls gene expression via DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA. Methylation of DNA is, to date, the most studied of the epigenetic abnormalities in cancer. In this paper, we describe process of DNA methylation in normal and cancer cells, especially colorectal cancer. Knowledge and understanding of epigenetic mechanism is important for prevention and therapy of cancer.

Basketball is a big ball game that requires well cardiovascular endurance. Cardiovasculer endurance can be improved using interval training and fartlek training. This study aimed to determine the effect of interval training and fartlek training on cardiovascular endurance improvement. The study was a experimental that use randomized pretest posttest design group control that does in SMA Negeri 1 Sukawati. The sample of study was students of extracurricular basketball SMA Negeri 1 Sukawati, which were 22 students that divided into 2 groups. Both groups were given different training during 6 weeks with training frequency three times a week for one and a half months. The first group was given interval training and the second group was given fartlek training. Cardiovascular endurance was measured with a multistage fitness test (MFT). The result showed the mean of cardiovascular endurance between the groups after training was 41.66 ± 2.733 ml / kg / minute in the interval training group and was 48.92 ± 2.385 ml / kg / minute in the fartlek group. The cardiovascular endurance between both groups was significantly different (p<0.05), meaningful and have improvement. The conclusion is the interval training and fartlek training are able to improve cardiovascular endurance, however fartlek training is better than interval training in improving cardiovascular endurance. Therefore, it is advisable to use fartlek training to improve cardiovascular endurance for basketball players.Keywords: cardiovascular endurance, fartlek training, interval training

Background. Altered lipid profiles have consistently been linked to cerebrovascular events. Ischemic stroke (IS) was a common comorbid condition established in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene which has a notably critical function in lipoprotein metabolism is believed as one of the potential candidate genes susceptible to IS complications in T2DM. This research aimed to determine the association of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism with lipid profile and IS risk in T2DM patients. Methods. This case-control study involved a total of 60 diabetic participants divided into two groups with and without IS. ApoE was genotyped using PCR and sequencing analysis. Results. The most predominant genotype observed in 27 participants (45%) was E3/E3. Lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were found in ε2 carriers ( p = 0.003 ; 95% CI −23.35–−4.89) and ε4 carriers ( p = 0.019 ; 95% CI 1.38–14.55) compared to ε3 homozygotes. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels had no association with ApoE gene polymorphism in this study. ApoE gene polymorphism was not related to IS in T2DM ( p = 0.06 ; adjusted OR: 4.71; 95% CI 0.93–23.79). Conclusions. ApoE ε2 and ε4 carriers were associated with lower levels of HDL-C. No association was identified between ApoE gene polymorphism and IS in T2DM patients.