No abstract

Background: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. The Global Burden Disease (GBD) report published in 2018 estimated there were 6.1 million individuals suffering from PD globally and causing 3.2 million Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) and 211,296 deaths in 2016. Disability mainly caused by motor symptoms. This study aims to determine the clinical characteristics and motor severity in PD patients in Sanglah and Wangaya General Hospital Denpasar. Method: Descriptive observational study with cross-sectional design. Samples taken consecutively from all patients diagnosed with PD at Neurology Polyclinic in Sanglah and Wangaya General Hospital from December 2018 - February 2019. Result: From 47 subjects with PD, 72.3% were male, 83% had onset within 1-5 years, and the mean age was 63.87 ± 8.67 years. As many as 44.7% subjects had Hoehn-Yahr 2 stadium, with an average MDS-UPDRS III score of 35.11 ± 21.39, and 48.9% subjects had mild severity. As many as 59.6% subjects had the status of ON. Motor severity showed a trend that increases with increasing staging, but was not seen when compared to the onset. This result might be affected by the ON/OFF status during examination. Conclusion: Parkinson's disease in Sanglah and Wangaya General Hospital is more common in men and over the age of 50 years, and most are found in moderate severity. There is a trend of worsening motor severity with the increasing Hoehn-Yahr stadium. Examination using UPDRS-III is recommended to be done both on ON and OFF state to get more sensitive results

BACKGROUND:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) exerts a significant impact on society with regards to physical, affective, and cognitive impairment. The consequent cognitive sequelae include a problem in memory, attention, concentration, and processing speed. Following traumatic brain injury, inflammatory response developed, characterised by increased interleukin 1-β (IL-1β) levels in the blood. IL 1-β at pathophysiological concentration has been reported to cause an inhibition of the expression of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the areas CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.AIM:This study aims to determine whether high IL-1β serum is a predictor of decreased cognitive function in mild TBI.METHODS:This is a prospective cohort study conducted at the emergency room, surgical and neurologic ward at Sanglah Hospital from November 2017 until January 2018. As many as thirty-five mild TBI with normal IL-1β serum (< 0.0565 pg/ml) and thirty-five of those with high IL-1β serum (≥ 0.0565 pg/ml) subjects were included within the corresponding period. The decrease of cognition after trauma was measured seven days later.RESULTS:This study demonstrated that group with high IL-1β serum levels were at higher risk of suffering from cognitive impairment after TBI when compared with the group with normal IL-1β serum levels (RR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.49-4.55, p < 0.001).CONCLUSION:Mild TBI with high serum IL-1β levels were more than twice likely to experience decreased cognitive function than those with normal IL-1β levels.