This study was aimed to determine anthocyanin antioxidant performance with a dose of 2 cc/day based on the expression of apoptotic cells in ischemic stroke rats cerebellum. The research was conducted using ischemic stroke rats (Rattus norvegicus) that prepared by ligated for 3 h on the Common Carotid Artery (CCA) and External Carotid Artery (ECA) followed by reperfusion that is commonly known as MCAO (Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion). The anthocyanin extract was characterized by LC-MS and its IC 50 was measured by DPPH method. The rats were divided into five groups 1) negative control; 2) reperfusion 1 h; 3) reperfusion 72 h; 4) reperfusion 24 h, with anthocyanin therapy; 5) reperfusion 72 h, with anthocyanin therapy. The results of LC-MS showed that anthocyanin from purple sweet potato extracts contained Petunidin-3,5-O-diglucoside (Pt-DG) with an IC 50 value of 22.16 μg/mL, categorized as a very strong antioxidant. The results showed that apoptotic cells expression of cerebellum decreased significantly (p<0.01) after 72 h reperfusion with anthocyanins therapy until 2.42%. The current work proved that anthocyanin extract effectively suppresses the apoptotic cell's expression of the cerebellum on stroke ischemic rats.
<p><strong>English<br /></strong>Agricultural sustainability is still a debatable concept since there is no standard criteria that suitable for agriculture development. Various studies have been conducted regarding the concept but it's just limited to evaluation on the existing agricultural activities. Nevertheless, the issue then is whether the present capital intensive agriculture and heavy imported input is a sustainable agricultural system?. Agricultural development with agribusiness system approach is then believed as one of alternatives that can enhance agricultural development in Indonesia. In respond to this issue, various action research and assessment on agribusiness system of priority commodities have been conducted since 1995. Great variability of research results were found in relation to various factors such as: (1) Economic of scale, (2) Appropriate technology that suitable to the assessment objectives, (3) Characteristics of the agribusiness system, (4) Criteria of success of the assessment, and (5) Management of agribusiness system develompnet. This paper discussed the future outlook of agribusiness development as sustainability approach in agricultural development.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian<br /></strong>Pertanian terlanjutkan masih merupakan konsep yang terus diperdebatkan selama belum ada kriteria yang baku sesuai dengan dinamika pembangunan pertanian. Telah banyak studi dilakukan tetapi masih terbatas pada evaluasi kegiatan pertanian yang sedang berjalan. Pertanyaan yang kemudian sering muncul, apakah pertanian yang padat modal dan sarana produksi sarat dengan bahan baku impor dapat terlanjutkan? Pendekatan sistem usaha pertanian, kemudian dipercaya dapat mendorong keberlanjutan pembangunan pertanian. Sehubungan dengan pendekatan tersebut, berbagai pengkajian tentang sistem usaha pertanian komoditas telah di lakukan sejak tahun 1995. Namun hasil dari pengkajian tersebut sangat beragam yang terkait dengan berbagai aspek seperti : (1) Skala ekonomi, (2) Teknologi yang tepat guna dan sesuai dengan sasaran pengkajian, (3) karakteristik suatu SUP, (4) Kriteria keberhasilan dan (5) manajemen pengembangan SUP. Tulisan ini mencoba mengajukan konsep tentang pendekatan SUP dalam pembangunan pertanian yang berkelanjutan.</p>
Super paired rows planting technology (Jarwo Super) is an integrated rice cultivation technology on irrigated rice field based on 2:1 paired rows designed to improve rice yield. The super 2:1 paired rows is defined as crop planting technique where by every two rows of rice plants was followed by one blank row and to be repeated for the next row arrangement. The technology super 2:1 paired rows consisted of: (1) improved variety; (2) bio-decomposer; (3) inorganic fertilizer and biofertilizer; (4) biopesticide and chemical pesticides; and (5) the use of agricultural machinery. The objective of this study was to determine the technical feasibility, financial feasibility, and the sensitivity analysis of the adopter of Jarwo Super farmers to be compared with the traditional planting farmers. The research was carried out in three provinces: Aceh Province, North Sumatra and South Sumatra Province. Data were collected using survey method using the structured questionnaires involving 267 Jarwo Super farmers and 214 traditional planting farmers. Results showed that rice yield obtained from the Jarwo Super adopter increased by 31% in Aceh, 37% in South Sumatra and 12% in North Sumatra. The cost allocation for Jarwo Super cultivation was about 37.19% and for the traditional planting farmers was 43.59%, the values of each R/C ratio was 2.69 and 2.29 and the B/C ratio was 1.69 and 1.29, respectively. The value of MBCR is 5.25 which mean the introduction of Jarwo Super technology was financially feasible. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the Jarwo Super technology was not sensitive to the changes of price and rice yield.
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