Study of Antocyanins Activity from Purple Sweet Potato for Reducing Apoptotic Cells Expression of The Cerebellum On Ischemic Stroke Rats

Abstract

This study was aimed to determine anthocyanin antioxidant performance with a dose of 2 cc/day based on the expression of apoptotic cells in ischemic stroke rats cerebellum. The research was conducted using ischemic stroke rats (Rattus norvegicus) that prepared by ligated for 3 h on the Common Carotid Artery (CCA) and External Carotid Artery (ECA) followed by reperfusion that is commonly known as MCAO (Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion). The anthocyanin extract was characterized by LC-MS and its IC 50 was measured by DPPH method. The rats were divided into five groups 1) negative control; 2) reperfusion 1 h; 3) reperfusion 72 h; 4) reperfusion 24 h, with anthocyanin therapy; 5) reperfusion 72 h, with anthocyanin therapy. The results of LC-MS showed that anthocyanin from purple sweet potato extracts contained Petunidin-3,5-O-diglucoside (Pt-DG) with an IC 50 value of 22.16 μg/mL, categorized as a very strong antioxidant. The results showed that apoptotic cells expression of cerebellum decreased significantly (p<0.01) after 72 h reperfusion with anthocyanins therapy until 2.42%. The current work proved that anthocyanin extract effectively suppresses the apoptotic cell's expression of the cerebellum on stroke ischemic rats.

Dietary Anthocyanins and Stroke: A Review of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Studies

“…Both models of ischemia induction (global and focal) were applied in studies on the effects of ACN administration. Some studies reported their beneficial effect when administered before stroke induction [82,180,181,182,183,184], others after the stroke induction [165,185,186], while a third set of studies monitored the effects of ACN administration before and after stroke induction [81,187,188,189].…”

“…Studies regarding the effect of pre-administration of ACNs on stroke used purified ACNs [82,181,182] or even encapsulated ACNs available on the market [183] (Table 4) with the aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which ACNs act (see Section 4). Two modalities of stroke induction were applied, most often used is MCA occlusion model of focal ischemia [82,180,181,182,183] and only a single study used bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), which is a model of global ischemia [184], while various ways to administer ACNs are applied (Table 4). In most experimental models, laboratory animals were tracked and subsequently sacrificed 24 h after reperfusion [82,182,183] and only in one study after 72 h [184].…”

“…In most experimental models, laboratory animals were tracked and subsequently sacrificed 24 h after reperfusion [82,182,183] and only in one study after 72 h [184]. A comparison between 24 h and 72 h after reperfusion was only revealed by Dewi [180]. Rats were the most used laboratory animals in these studies [82,181,183,184] and less often mice [182].…”

“…It was determined that ACNs also inhibit apoptosis rate, measured by TUNEL assay (TdT-medicated dUTP-Nick End Labeling assay) [181,183] and two studies reported that ACNs could have anti-apoptotic activities, as shown by the increase of Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma) expression protein, which is known for the involvement in apoptosis regulation [82,181]. A reduction of apoptosis has been recently reported in cerebellum [180] by an immunohistochemistry approach, using an in situ apoptotic detection method.…”

The Antiaging Activities of Phytochemicals in Dark-Colored Plant Foods: Involvement of the Autophagy- and Apoptosis-Associated Pathways

“…Preclinical research has demonstrated that red berries supplementation exerts both neuroprotective functional and mechanistic effects, such as reversal of age-related decrements in cognition, enhancements of neuronal resilience, endothelial protection, and cerebral blood flow [ 53 ]. Anthocyanins in purple sweet potato alleviated ischemic stroke in rats by reducing apoptosis-inducing factor levels and other antioxidant mechanisms [ 55 ].…”