Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) infections is one of health issues in Indonesia that has environment and social basis. It is classified as neglected disease. The Indonesian government already has eradication program, but it is not supported by evaluation and monitoring program. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and relation of each risk factors related to STH infections in elementary school in Ngis village, Karangasem regency, Bali. The study was done by analytical description using cross sectional study. Samples were selected from population based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary data about suspected risk factors were collected using questionnaire. Diagnosis was established using Kato-Katz modification method. Data was analyzed using chi-square with confidence interval 95% or p value ≤0.05 categorized as significant. 138 students enrolled in this study, the median age is 9 (6-13) years. The prevalence of STH infections is 10.1% with 78.6% is single infection of Trichuris trichiura and 21.4% mixed infections. The proportion of STH infections in males is higher than female but it is statistically insignificant. STH infections have significant relationship with some risk factors such as not washing hand after defecation, not washing hand after playing with soil, barefoot, not cutting nails and consuming anti-helminthic routinely. The highest risk factor of STH infections in Ngis village is not having available and proper latrine. (OR=33.9; 95%CI=5.749-199.769). The prevalence of STH infection is quite high with mild to moderate intensity and risk factors namely low hygiene and limited latrines. The implementation of monitoring and evaluation can be an effort to control risk factors and stop the STH transmission chain.
Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of death worldwide. One of the causes of high morbidity and mortality is progressive and irreversible nature of the disease and current treatments are still not optimal in resolving these problems. Thus, this paper aims to describe the potential effect of combination of fucoidan and bone marrow stem cells (namely FuMA stem cells) as the novel management of AMI. Method: The method used in our paper was literature searching by including the keywords of AMI, BMSCs, and fucoidan. Result: Fucoidan from brown seaweed has shown a great potential effect as anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, anti-atherogenic, anti-Latar Belakang: Infark miokard akut (IMA) adalah penyebab utama kematian di dunia. Salah satu penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi adalah sifat penyakit yang progresif dan ireversibel serta perawatan saat ini masih belum optimal dalam menyelesaikannya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan potensi kombinasi dari fukoidan dan sel induk sumsum tulang (BMSCs) (FuMA stem cells) sebagai manajemen terbaru IMA. Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah pencarian literatur dengan memasukkan kata kunci dari IMA, BMSCs, dan fukoidan. Hasil: Fukoidan dari rumput laut coklat telah menunjukkan oxidant, and anti-fibrotic. It limits the infarct area and increases SDF-1, CXCR4 and Akt expression as well as LVEF. However, fucoidan has not been able to regenerate cardiomyocyte cells in AMI. It takes a combination of BMSCs that have been shown to prevent the expansion of infarction area and improve post-infarction function. Conclusion: Thus, FuMA stem cells hold a great potential novel therapy for AMI. Further studies are needed to unveil the potential of FuMA stem cells in AMI management. Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction, Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), Fucoidan, Cells regeneration therapy potensi besar sebagai antiinflamasi, antikoagulan, antiaterogenik, antioksidan, antifibrotik dan membatasi area infark dan peningkatan ekspresi SDF-1, CXCR4, dan Akt serta LVEF. Namun, fukoidan belum mampu meregenerasi sel kardiomiosit pada IMA. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan kombinasi dengan BMSCs; BMSCs telah terbukti dapat mencegah perluasan area infark dan memperbaiki fungsi miokard pasca infark. Simpulan: Dengan demikian, FuMA stem cells memiliki potensi besar sebagai terapi baru yang efektif dari IMA. Penelitian lebih lanjut sangat diperlukan untuk mengungkap potensi FuMA stem cells dalam manajemen IMA.
Background: Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare intraepithelial neoplasm considered as an adenocarcinoma of apocrine glands, which arises mainly in the genital and axillary especially in elderly and usually progress slowly. Besides EMPD is mostly diagnosed as an in situ lesion, once it metastasizes to lymph nodes or other organs, the prognosis become poor. Although taxane monotherapy or taxane-based chemoregimen is considered as first line chemotherapies, standardized chemotherapeutic regimen for metastatic EMPD is yet to be established. Furtheremore, there is no literature summarizing efficacy and safety of unified taxane monotherapy on metastastatic EMPD cases. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical course of 17 metastatic EMPD patients treated with weekly docetaxel regimen at
Background: Trauma is the fourth leading cause of death in the world and occurs at all ages. The high incidence of traffic accidents is equivalent to the increasing incidence of maxillofacial trauma, especially mandibular fracture. This study aims to determine the characteristics by age, gender, mechanism of injury and anatomical site of mandibular fractures among patients attending the Plastic Surgery Unit of Sanglah General Hospital as a preliminary studyMethods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was enrolled among 45 patients attending plastic surgery who recorded in medical records from January 2014 until December 2016 as well as met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17 and presented in percentage regarding Age, mechanism of injury, gender, and fracture siteResults: There were 45 patients with 61 mandibular fracture sites. Most of the patients were male (84.4%). Based on age, the mandibular fracture is most common in the productive age (20-30 years old) at 22 cases (36.1%). Majority cause of fractures was road traffic accident (82.2%). Parasymphysis region was the most common site of fracture (39.3%).Conclusion: The characteristics of mandibular fracture patients describe trauma patterns in the community. This finding is similar with some readily available literature with RTAs was the most common etiology and parasymphysis was the most common fracture site.
Background: Melasma is an acquired chronic hyperpigmentation mostly affecting women. The pathogenesis of melasma is uncertain but it predominant related to ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Due to chronic and relapsing nature, melasma is challenging to treat. The current available treatment often has undesirable side effects and suboptimal results. The principal of treatment includes protect from UV radiation, inhibit melanin synthesize and increase pathway to remove melanin. Objectives: To define available treatments for melasma and determine advantages and disadvantages including topical, oral and procedural. Method: Medline, Cochrane library and PubMed database were searched for articles from January 2011 to June 2020. Only RCTs, comparative, prospective, retrospective and systematic reviews focusing on melasma treatments were extracted, analyzed and discussed. Results: We found 197 studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria with 2314 participants included in this review. The treatments included topical, oral and procedural. In several studies, hydroquinone alone or combination remains the most effective treatment for melasma. Oral and topical tranexamic acid have been found to be a useful adjuvant treatment in refractory melasma with minimal adverse effects. Procedural treatment such as chemical peels, laser and light-based therapies, and microneedling have a mixed and unpredictable result. Overall, the side effects tend to be mild and affect few of the subject.Conclusions: The current state of the evidence suggests that some treatments with multiple modalities have their respective advantages and disadvantages. The choice of treatment modality must be adjusted according to the type of melasma such as its severity, extent and location. A better understanding of melasma through the further research may improve the therapy options with the least adverse effects.
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