In order to determine the distribution and enable the elimination of quinalphos, a popular active pesticide compound used in the Mekong Delta, an experiment was set up in a rice-fish integration system in Can Tho City, Vietnam. Fish was stocked into the field when the rice was two-months old. Quinalphos was applied twice in doses of 42.5 g per 1000 m. Water, fish and sediment samples were collected at time intervals and analyzed by a Gas Chromatography Electron Capture Detector system. The results show that quinalphos residues in fish muscles were much higher than those of the water and the bioconcentration factor (logBCF) was above 2 for the fish. The half-life of first and second quinalphos applications were 12.2 and 11.1 days for sediment, 2.5 and 1.1 days for silver barb, 1.9 and 1.3 days for common carp, and 1.1 and 1.0 days for water, respectively.
The purpose of this paper is to empirically explore the effects of brand dimensions, including brand image, brand value, brand impact, and brand satisfaction, on the brand loyalty of purchasers in an emerging country, Vietnam. The data were collected using paperbased surveys with a collected total of 310 responses from participants who had purchased traditional confectionery products. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to fully test the proposed hypotheses. The main findings reveal that brand image, brand impact, and brand satisfaction are important drivers of customers' brand loyalty. Among these brand dimensions, brand image is found to have the strongest effect on brand loyalty, while brand value had no impact on brand loyalty. Based on the findings, theoretical and practical implications are suggested for stakeholders, marketers, producers, and policymakers to build customer brand loyalty toward traditional confectioneries. Further research directions are also presented in this study.
Explosion of information and communication technologies providing worldwide connection through the Internet as well as the unstoppable development of technology is transforming how development is done locally and globally. Blockchain technology aims to build applications based on decentralized architecture, in which has received extensive attention currently. A decentralized peer-to-peer system is applied to record pseudonymous transactions in trustless environment. It is believed that blockchain has a significant role for the rapid growth of application domains such as public services, Internet of Things, supply chain management. We provided a short introduction of blockchain technology. Finally, we also discussed the impacts and challenges when applying this promising technology in Vietnam context.
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