In this study, Na + Montmorillonite (C Na), Nanoclay 1-135 (C 10A) and Nanoclay 1-140 (C 15A) were used as nanofiller in the preparation of chitosan biopolymer/clay nanocomposites. For this purpose, a dilute acetic acid solution was used as solvent for dissolving and dispersing the chitosan and the clays, respectively, and chitosan/C Na, chitosan/C 10A and chitosan/C 15A bionanocomposites were synthesized. Bionanocomposites were prepared by the solution induced intercalation method with various percentages of the three clay types. Then, the properties of the bionanocomposites were investigated as the loading of the clays was varied: 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%. The characterization of the composites was done chemically by FTIR, physically by XRD and SEM, and thermally by TGA/DTA. Also, swelling tests of the clay and bionanocomposites were carried out. In addition, their antimicrobial properties were investigated towards Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The highest antimicrobial activity was found for the chitosan/C 10A biocomposite. It was observed that the thermal stability of the bionanocomposites increased with increasing amount of clay added to chitosan. All the chitosan/clay biocomposites were observed by XRD and SEM, which revealed exfoliation behavior.
Mistletoe, Viscum album L., (VA) known as “Ökse Otu” in Turkey, is a hemiparasitic shrub that grows especially on the trunks and crowns of broadleaf trees. This study is aimed to determination of the VA’s antioxidant compounds and evaluate their in vitro activities growing on twelve different host trees and determination of in silico approach of compounds against survivin protein. At the same time, the active ingredients determined in HPLC analysis, were performed with molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis on survivin protein, an apoptosis inhibitor protein in cancer. Antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts of organs of VA were determined. Phytochemical properties of different organs of VA samples taken from different hosts varied as well. Total phenolic content was determined at the highest rate in fruits, followed by leaves and branches, respectively. Total flavonoid content was determined in the highest amounts in the leaves, followed by branches and fruits, respectively. Antioxidant activity values were evaluated with DPPH (using DPPH as a radical), ABTS (using ABTS as radical cation) and FRP tests. The antioxidant activity of the branches of the plant was determined at the highest rate, followed by leaves and fruits, respectively. During in silico analysis, Quercetin, Rosmarinic acid and Catechin were found to bind to survivin protein effectively. These substances can have the potential to become active pharmaceutical ingredients by working with different proteins in the future.
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