Determination of Antioxidant Activities of Viscum album L.: First Report on Interaction of Phenolics with Survivin Protein using in silico Analysis

Abstract

Mistletoe, Viscum album L., (VA) known as “Ökse Otu” in Turkey, is a hemiparasitic shrub that grows especially on the trunks and crowns of broadleaf trees. This study is aimed to determination of the VA’s antioxidant compounds and evaluate their in vitro activities growing on twelve different host trees and determination of in silico approach of compounds against survivin protein. At the same time, the active ingredients determined in HPLC analysis, were performed with molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis on survivin protein, an apoptosis inhibitor protein in cancer. Antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts of organs of VA were determined. Phytochemical properties of different organs of VA samples taken from different hosts varied as well. Total phenolic content was determined at the highest rate in fruits, followed by leaves and branches, respectively. Total flavonoid content was determined in the highest amounts in the leaves, followed by branches and fruits, respectively. Antioxidant activity values were evaluated with DPPH (using DPPH as a radical), ABTS (using ABTS as radical cation) and FRP tests. The antioxidant activity of the branches of the plant was determined at the highest rate, followed by leaves and fruits, respectively. During in silico analysis, Quercetin, Rosmarinic acid and Catechin were found to bind to survivin protein effectively. These substances can have the potential to become active pharmaceutical ingredients by working with different proteins in the future.

The Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Viscum album

“…The V. album extracts display their action as phytocomplex, wherein besides the microProteins such as viscotoxins and viscolectins, they act with extracellular signal-regulated enzymes [ 286 , 287 ], as well many other constituents that can take part in the main property, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-stress activity, which contributes to the general actions in restoring or maintaining homeostasis. Particular attention should be concentrated on the constituents of the metabolome, including the discovery of new active constituents that are very different from microProteins [ 288 ]. The experiences regarding the utilization of European mistletoe extracts as a complementary and adjuvant drug against cancer encourage its utilization in other fields, which must be validated by further studies and research on the properties of this very special plant, as evidenced by recent publications [ 50 , 289 ].…”

Biological Activities of Galanthus fosteri Extracts: First Demonstration of the Interaction between Chlorogenic Acid and DNA Ligase by Molecular Docking

“…Total phenolic content (TPC) in extracts was determined using the Folin−Ciocalteu reagent. , Absorbance values were measured on a spectrophotometer (UV-1800 Shimadzu) at a wavelength of 765 nm. TPC is given as gallic acid equivalent (mg GAE/g).…”

“…TPC is given as gallic acid equivalent (mg GAE/g). Using the aluminum chloride colorimetric approach, the extracts’ total flavonoid content (TFC) was assessed. , Absorbance values were measured on a spectrophotometer device at a wavelength of 510 nm, and TFC was given as catechin equivalent (mg CAE/g). , …”

“…At 305 nm, coumaric acid has been identified. At 330 nm, caffeine and chlorogenic acid were recognized …”

“…At 330 nm, caffeine and chlorogenic acid were recognized. 24 2.4. Determination of the Antioxidant Effect by DPPH (2,2′-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) Radical Analysis.…”