Synthesis of graft copolymers onto starch and its semiconducting properties

Functional starch-based hydrogels: renewable material solutions for wastewater and agriculture industries

“…The lower heat capacities of these copolymers at this stage could be due to their high water content plasticising the starch crystallites, decreasing the onset of the glass transition temperature (Tg), and reducing the copolymer's thermal resistance (Vakili & Rahneshin, 2013). Based on the literature, the copolymer's mass loss at this stage is expected to be inversely proportional to the degree of grafting (Cankaya, 2016). Thus, the higher onset-temperature and lower mass loss of CTS-g-PAM and WMS-g-PAM, compared with other samples at this stage, is consistent with their low graft content and can be explained by the frequent grafting of shorter PAM segments to their substrates' backbone.…”

Removal of methylene blue from wastewater using hydrogel nanocomposites: A review

“…89 Most researchers have reported that crosslinking, grafting and modification with inorganic constituents such as metal oxides and clay improves solubility and stability problems associated with biopolymers. 3,121 The type of method used to prepare the hydrogel, therefore, affects its structural make-up or physical properties. Amongst several physical and chemical techniques used for hydrogel synthesis, the most widely used methods are discussed below.…”

“…In this method, an initiator such as potassium persulfate (KPS) generates free radicals, the radicals react with other monomers and then MBA is added to the polymer chain to form the hydrogel. 84,121 In addition, the hydrogels may be classified based on the charge on their cross-linked polymer network. 122,123 The charge may be a. ionic (cationic/anionic), b. non-ionic (neutral), c. amphoteric (comprising both basic and acidic groups) and d. zwitterionic (contains anionic and cationic components on each repeating structural unit).…”

“…These hydrogels are sometimes called smart hydrogels. 119,121 There are two categories of stimulus, namely, physical stimuli and chemical stimuli as stipulated in Table 2. The swelling or deswelling of hydrogels caused by changes in the environment can be too much to a point that the hydrogel changes phase (volume collapse).…”

Biodegradable Blends of Grafted Dextrin with PLGA-block-PEG Copolymer as a Carrier for Controlled Release of Herbicides into Soil

“…Chemical modification of starch by graft copolymerization makes starch and synthetic polymer bind together rather than exist merely as a physical mixture. Hence, synthetic monomers and polymers were used to modify the properties of raw starch, and semi-synthetic polymers were obtained, thereby increasing application areas and attracting the attention of researchers [3]. Graft copolymerization provides a tool for researchers to incorporate targeted properties in the backbone of polymers for specialized applications without affecting their biodegradability.…”