The research relevance is predefined by the need to find ways to increase the profitability of agricultural production in the difficult economic conditions of Ukraine. The research aims to analyse the profitability of agricultural production, influencing factors and determination of directions for its improvement. The methodological approach is based on the analysis of statistical data on changes in production profitability; method of average values – to obtain the average value of indicators; comparison method – to compare data on profitability and productivity between types of products; graphic method – to display the results; method of generalization – for summarizing information about agricultural production. The main results that were obtained within the scope of this study should cover the analysis of the profitability of agricultural production by its types and crop yield and regions of the country in the conditions of the impact of negative factors on the agricultural sector during the period of martial law (in particular, the reduction of land suitable for agriculture, blocking many ways to sell products, complicating the supply of mineral fertilizers and other goods necessary for the functioning of the agrarian sector) and highlight directions for increasing profitability, namely increasing the yield of certain types of crops; reduction of feed costs for feeding animals by growing feed and electricity production efficiency through the use of renewable energy sources (sun, wind, biomass energy); development of pig meat production by increasing their population and quality of nutrition; creation of added value from products obtained by the producer on his own land, which will contribute to increased profitability and successful development of agriculture. Analysis of the supply and demand balance of grain and leguminous crops showed that their production exceeds the need for consumption of all types of grain. The results and conclusions have practical significance for agricultural producers in business management, as well as for the government in developing areas of support for the agricultural sector
The article object is to is a relatively new research direction in economic theory - economic security at the macro-level. One of the aims of this article is to reveal the country’s economic security idea and to choose methods for this economic phenomenon evaluation as well as to suggest the method to evaluate the energy sector's impact on this economic phenomenon. Firstly, the authors review different approaches to economic security principles and do some assumptions related to the country's economic security concept. There is shortly described the energy sector. Since the scientific problem is how to evaluate the energy sector and the country's security and what impact the energy sector has on the country's economic security, the authors have selected methods to analyze the links between energy sector activities and economic security. Furthermore, there were presented the results of regression analyzes and concluded what energy sector indicators influence countries' economic security.
The indicator of the net productivity of photosynthesis, which is presented in the work, more fully than the leaf area, reflects the real possibilities of agrobiocenosis for the synthesis of organic matter. The performance of photosynthesis of each individual plant, as well as agrocenosis as a whole, is due to many factors, therefore, it is important to develop a set of measures aimed not only at meeting the needs of plants in moisture and mineral nutrition, but also to promote their functioning. It is established that the net productivity of meadow clover grasslands photosynthesis increases with the leaf surface index of 3.5. At the same time, the achievement of higher indicators is gradually decreasing, regardless of the mineral nutrition variety, levels and plant density. It was also revealed in our research that the highest indicator of net productivity of meadow clover photosynthesis of cultivars Agros-12 and Marusia of the second year of vegetation in the first mowing was recorded without weeding. In the same cutting of meadow clover of the second year of vegetation on a variant with inoculation of seeds and added fertilizers in the norm of N60Р60К90 at cultivation of meadow clover sowing the lowest indicator of net productivity of photosynthesis was noted. In the second cutting the indicators of net productivity of photosynthesis were revealed like this: the maximum indicators on the variant without fertilizers and inoculations and the minimum on the variant for cultivation with the introduction of fertilizers in the standard of N60P60K90 and seed treatment with rhizotorphin. It is one of the most important parameters with which the yield level correlates.
The concept of human development and the search for effective mechanisms for its implementation is becoming more widespread. Particular attention is paid to these studies in the context of research on the deterioration of rural resources, infrastructure decline, insufficiently regulated social services, demographic crisis, labor migration, unemployment and poverty. The research is aimed at theoretical substantiation and analysis of mechanisms of human potential development in rural areas. The article highlights the importance of their effectiveness and highlights the importance of motivational priorities. Human capital is characterized as an intellectual link of resource potential and a driver of economic growth. It is determined that in order to prevent the impact of risks of the implementation of effective mechanisms for the development of human potential in rural areas, it is important to use the benefits of diversification of agricultural entrepreneurship and employment. An analysis of the permanent population of Ukraine, the impact of a significant difference in the population living in rural areas and cities. The analysis of agricultural production revealed a significant difference in the priorities of peasant (farmer) farms and households, as the population, unlike farmers, prefers the production of livestock products. However, the growth of production does not correlate with profitability, the study showed a downward trend in profitability. The characteristics of the factors influencing the development of human capital have been supplemented and expanded. Political, economic, managerial, educational, investment, institutional instruments should balance interests and contribute to the development of a common direction of risk minimization and human development. Emphasis is placed on the importance of defining tactical tools, operational measures for the implementation of mechanisms and the formation of actors in the face of government, manufacturers, educational and research institutions, stakeholders.
The study is devoted to solving a topical problem related to the deterioration of land quality in Ukraine and in many countries around the world. This article proposes the use of economic and mathematical modelling to optimize the structure of sown areas of crops on the example of the whole of Ukraine in the direction of ensuring the balance of humus in the soil depending on the influence of a number of environmental and economic factors. The formation of the economic and mathematical model was the basis of the research methodology in this work. Based on the use of a systematic approach to assessing the effectiveness of the agricultural land use system, a number of environmental and economic indicators were selected and three groups of restrictions in the field of intensification of agricultural land use were formed. The applied approach made it possible to develop a task to optimize the sown area of crops in order to preserve the quality of land. The results of solving the formed problem showed the need to limit the sown area under crops, the cultivation of which leads to the loss of humus in the soil; in particular, it is proposed to limit the sown area under sunflower. The results of the study allowed us to draw the following conclusions: a positive effect on the quality of soils from the cultivation of annual and perennial grasses was established, which requires an increase in sown areas under these crops; promising indicators for achieving a deficit-free balance of humus in soils during the cultivation of crops have been identified; an algorithm for choosing solutions to ensure balanced use of agricultural land in the agricultural sector has been developed that the presented procedure for choosing solutions will increase the environmental and economic efficiency of agricultural land use; it is established that for the realization of certain goals in the system of land use, the decisive importance should be given to the consideration and coordination of environmental, economic and social interests.
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