Ukraine and Russia are among the leading global agricultural producers, accounting for millions of tons of global foodstuff and the production and exportation of organic fertilizers. With this in mind, the Russia-Ukraine war has caused an immense disruption and great supply shock in organic fertilizer and agricultural production, and food prices across the globe. The authors aimed to analyze the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on agriculture, in particular organic fertilizers and agricultural production. The research employed a systematic research method to collect data on the extent of the impact of the war on organic fertilizers and food production. The research results indicate that the war has disrupted the supply of organic fertilizers, reducing agricultural products and subsequent rise in the price of agricultural produce. The research indicates that the rising cost of fertilizers directly influences food production and supply. The war has disrupted a viable environment for agricultural and organic production and exportation from these countries, causing the rise in food prices and a threat to food security across the globe. There is a need to ensure that international trade becomes more flexible and open in fertilizers and food production and exports. There is also a need to promote policy dialogues and market scrutiny, and transparency, especially with the uncertain global food market due to the disruptions influenced by the Russia-Ukraine war. The results of the study can be used by scientists, economists and public figures to build further forecasts of the state of agriculture, as well as to build strategies to improve the economy of some countries, including Ukraine
The ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine has resulted in widespread damages and loss of lives in highly populated cities, advanced to rural settings as well as sparked massive displacement amongst the population. The two nations are the key exporters of agronomic goods, and they play a huge role in supplying international markets with food products and fertilizers and the ongoing war has led to shortage of supply of these products. The purpose of this study is to present the current aspects related to the use of smart fertilizers as an opportunity to ensure food security and biodiversity. To fulfil this purpose, scientific publications were analysed, and the following groups of methods were employed: dialectical method of scientific cognition, general scientific and special methods. To summarise the scientific and methodological nature, an abstract-logical method of approach to examining the possibilities of using smart fertilizers in agriculture and drawing conclusions was used. Furthermore, the method of logical observation and analysis was used, and based on input data and correlations, conclusions were made that correspond to the object of the study. The generalization method was used to summarise the results of the study. As a result of the study, it was found that the use of smart fertilizers leads to less absorption of resources by agricultural crops, lesser losses in the form of leaching, run-off and denitrification, and a favourable impact on the surrounding natural environment. Moreover, their use is a necessary approach to increase the production of foods, which is necessary to make provision for the population and support economic development. The findings of the current study show that smart fertilizers can serve as a solution for the biodiversity and food security during the Russian invasion in Ukraine.
The environmental situation in the world is only getting worse every year. This is caused by an increase in air pollution, wastewater pollution, wood burning, and others. Since 2013, ammonia emissions by European Union companies have increased significantly. This was facilitated, among other things, using synthetic pesticides. That is why the transition of agriculture to organic farming standards can be considered a good alternative. The aim of the study was to analyse the effectiveness of combining known organic pesticides in one biogeocenosis. A combined treatment of the vegetable crop Brassica oleracea with such biological pesticides as Bacillus thuringiensis and pyrethrin, combined with mass pest trapping, is proposed in the research. When combining these three approaches, the efficiency was 93%. The total crop yield was 27 tons/ha, while the area of the field where pheromone and yellow sticky traps were used had a yield of 34 tons/ha. These methods were effective against the following pests: Ceutorhynchus rapae, Aleyrodes proletella, and Brevicoryne brassicae. Leaf damage was reduced by 93% on average during the study period when using the combined approach. During the two-year research, it was possible to neutralize 1882 insects by mass trapping and find out that the largest number of Ceutorhynchus rapae affect the crop in May and August, but the use of pheromone traps is most effective in October. The combination of individual methods increased the effectiveness of each method due to the synchronized impact on different pests. Increasing vegetable yields in Albania in the future can also solve the problem of hunger in countries with unfavourable climatic conditions by increasing the export of these crops
The research relevance is predefined by the need to find ways to increase the profitability of agricultural production in the difficult economic conditions of Ukraine. The research aims to analyse the profitability of agricultural production, influencing factors and determination of directions for its improvement. The methodological approach is based on the analysis of statistical data on changes in production profitability; method of average values – to obtain the average value of indicators; comparison method – to compare data on profitability and productivity between types of products; graphic method – to display the results; method of generalization – for summarizing information about agricultural production. The main results that were obtained within the scope of this study should cover the analysis of the profitability of agricultural production by its types and crop yield and regions of the country in the conditions of the impact of negative factors on the agricultural sector during the period of martial law (in particular, the reduction of land suitable for agriculture, blocking many ways to sell products, complicating the supply of mineral fertilizers and other goods necessary for the functioning of the agrarian sector) and highlight directions for increasing profitability, namely increasing the yield of certain types of crops; reduction of feed costs for feeding animals by growing feed and electricity production efficiency through the use of renewable energy sources (sun, wind, biomass energy); development of pig meat production by increasing their population and quality of nutrition; creation of added value from products obtained by the producer on his own land, which will contribute to increased profitability and successful development of agriculture. Analysis of the supply and demand balance of grain and leguminous crops showed that their production exceeds the need for consumption of all types of grain. The results and conclusions have practical significance for agricultural producers in business management, as well as for the government in developing areas of support for the agricultural sector
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