The incidence of oral cancer is rising in the Sudan. Detecting oral cancer at an early stage is the most effective means of improving survival and reducing morbidity from disease. Aim:The aim of the present study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of dentists related to oral cancer prevention and early detection in public dental clinics in Khartoum State, Sudan. Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional survey using an administered structured questionnaire was carried out. The questionnaire consisted of 28 questions that included the key areas of oral cancer prevention and early detection. A sample of 130 dental practitioners was requested to participate in the study. Results:The response rate was 86.92%. The majority were female (68.1%) between the ages of 20 -40 years old. The majority were aware of the major risk factors and the most common presentations of oral cancer. About two thirds (63.7%) perceived that their knowledge on oral cancer was current. However, almost a third (35.4.6%) reported that they had sufficient knowledge concerning oral cancer prevention. More than half (54 percent) reported that they do not carry out any special examination to detect oral cancer in asymptomatic patients. Two thirds (66.3%) believed that their undergraduate training in the diagnosis of oral cancer was inadequate. The vast majority (95.6%) were interested in further oral cancer continuing education and 88.5% that development of referral guidelines can improve the quality of referrals to specialists. Conclusions:The findings of the present study indicate that there is a need for further training in the early detection and prevention of oral cancer, as well as an increased emphasis on oral cancer diagnosis and prevention in the dental training curriculum.3 Declaration I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this dissertation is my original work and that it has not been previously in its entirety or in part submitted at any university for a degree.………………………………… …………………………

profiling reveals a hypoxia signature in breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

Introduction:T-cell lymphomas represent a broad group of malignant T-cell neoplasms with marked molecular, clinical, and biologic heterogeneity. Survival rates after conventional chemotherapy regimens are poor for most subtypes and new therapies are needed. Rapidly expanding knowledge in the field of epigenomics and the development of an increasing number of epigenetic modifying agents have created new opportunities for epigenetic therapies for patients with this complex group of diseases. Areas covered:The present review summarizes current knowledge on epigenetic alterations in T-cell lymphomas, availability and mechanisms of action of epigenetic modifying agents, results of clinical trials of epigenetic therapies in T-cell lymphomas, status of FDA approval, and biomarker approaches to guide therapy. Promising future directions are discussed.Expert commentary: Mutations in epigenetic modifying genes are among the most common genetic alterations in T-cell lymphomas, highlighting the potential for epigenetic therapies to improve management of this group of diseases. Single-agent efficacy is well documented, leading to FDA approval for several indications, but overall response rates and durability of responses remain modest. Critical next steps for the field include optimizing combination therapies that incorporate epigenetic modifying agents and developing predictive biomarkers that help guide patient and drug selection.

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The changing of contemporary life with fast style consequently its need for fast ready meals given raise chemical food safety hazards from thermally processed one. Acrylamide, neurotoxin and DNA damage, has been found in different thermally processed foods such as potato chips, biscuits, and bread. Limit literature was done upon its existence in fried meat and/or fish. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of detection of Acrylamide in different foods since the first discovered in April 2002, in fried food by researchers from the Swedish National Food Administration and the University of Stockholm unite. Recent methods based on the nanotechnology as well as molecular biology are presented. The review shows high sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and repeatability methods as liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Also, rapid detection methods with merits of simplicity and portability such as computer vision, ELISA, electrochemical biosensing, and fluorescent biosensing. Some methods are expensive although recent methods seem to be cheaper. Meanwhile, suggestions for further research on rapid methods for detecting Acrylamide are also discussed based on types of foods and technical challenges.

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