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Background:Resorption of the alveolar ridge often leaves insufficient bone volume. Very few studies have investigated the quantity and quality of bone formation in humans, following alveolar ridge augmentation, using autogenous bone and bovine bone mineral (BBM) under titanium mesh.Materials and Methods:Sixteen alveolar bone defects divided into two groups; control group with symphyseal autogenous bone covered by titanium mesh; and test group with symphyseal autogenous bone mixed with BBM in 1: 1 ratio and covered by titanium mesh. The outcomes were evaluated clinically, histologically, and histomorphometrically.Results:Clinical measurements showed that the horizontal bone gain was 3.44±0.54 mm and 2.88±0.57 mm, on average, for control group and test group, respectively. While graft absorption was 2.66±0.98 mm (43.62%) and 1.67±1.00 mm (36.65%), on average, for control group and test group, respectively. In the test group, BBM particles were still recognizable, on histologic analysis. They were surrounded completely or partly by newly formed bone. Clear signs of resorption of the BBM were found, with osteoclast cell noticed in the area. Histomorphometrically, the newly formed bone was 78.40%±13.97% and 65.58%±6.59%, whereas connective tissue constituted 21.60%±13.97% and 23.87%±4.79% for control group and test group, respectively. The remaining BBM particles occupied 10.55%±1.80%. All differences between the control and test groups were not significant (P>.05).Conclusion:This investigation suggests that horizonal ridge augmentation with titanium mesh and autogenous bone alone or mixed with BBM are predictable and ridges were augmented even if mesh exposure occurs.

Dental implants are the best choice to replace missing teeth. However, to place an implant suffi cient bone around the implant is needed. Sometimes, the height or the thickness of the natural bone where an implant should be placed is not suffi cient. For such cases bone grafting is recommended. In order to succeed bone grafting, it is necessary to achieve a good stability of the graft, enough vascularisation, and a tension free closure of the fl ap. The use of screwed bone block may solve the stability problem. However, it is hard to shape it, time consuming and it oblige the surgeon to open a second site to harvest the bone. Till today it is recommended to use particles in grafting for small bone defects, because the particles are not stable and it is hard to keep it in place under the chewing forces and movements. The Mineralized Plasmatic Matrix solves this problem, and opens a new age for the use of particles grafting, because by using the fi brin network, it gathers all the particles and off ers a very good stability for the graft.

Introduction: The purpose of this project is to develop a mathematical model to investigate light distribution and study effective parameters such as laser power and irradiated time to get the optimal laser dosage to control hyperthermia. This study is expected to have a positive impact and a better simulation on laser treatment planning of biological tissues. Moreover, it may enable us to replace animal tests with the results of a COMSOL predictive model. Methods: We used in this work COMSOL5 model to simulate the light diffusion and bio-heat equation of the mouse tissue when irradiated by 980 nm laser diode and the effect of different parameters (laser power, and irradiated time) on the surrounding tissue of the tumor treatment in order to prevent damage from excess heat Results: The model was applied to study light propagation and several parameters (laser power, irradiated time) and their impact on light-heat distribution within the tumor in the mouse back tissue The best result is at laser power 0.5 W and time irradiation 0.5 seconds in order to get the maximum temperature hyperthermia at 52°C. Conclusion:The goal of this study is to simulate a mouse model to control excess heating of tissue and reduce the number of animals in experimental research to get the best laser parameters that was safe for use in living animals and in human subjects.

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Today, to establish a diagnosis, the patient must undergo a biopsy followed by histopathological diagnosis, which causes unnecessary cost, patient trauma, and time delay to obtain a diagnosis. However, the metastases can be discovered by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, which is a simple method that investigates the light distribution within tissue. The theme of this paper is the use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) to determine the optical spectrum of hamster specimen’s tissue and to differentiate biological changes due to laser irradiation (scattering, and cell changes) under the skin. DRS measurements were made on healthy and malignant tissue to diagnose the stages of cancer formation using a fiber-optic probe. The results show that malignant tissue is characterized by a significant decrease in diffuse reflectance spectrum compared to normal tissue.