Inflammatory odontogenic cyst on an osseointegrated implant: A peri-implant cyst? New entity proposed

Titanium dental implant‐related pathologies: A retrospective histopathological study

“…Some of the TDI‐associated lesions described in our study may have preceded implant placement. Such is the case of periapical implant lesions, whose pathogenesis has been proposed to be multifactorial and remains unclear (Kochaji, 2017; Temmerman et al., 2014). A periapical implant lesion could therefore be produced by contamination of the implant surface, overheating of bone, overloading of the implant, presence of a pre‐existing bone pathology, presence of residual root fragments and foreign bodies in bone, implant placement in an infected maxillary sinus, implant placement in a poor bone quality site, or lack of biocompatibility (Romanos et al., 2011; Scarano et al., 2000).…”

A novel histopathological classification of implant periapical lesion: A systematic review and treatment decision tree

“…Table 2 showed the information of IPL extracted after retrieval. There were 27 case reports [ 6 – 8 , 12 – 34 ] and 1 retrospective study [ 35 ], all of which were conducted in humans. The following signs and symptoms were frequently mentioned in the case reports: swelling, abscess, localized pain, and fistula.…”

“…A great number of inflammatory cells, lymphocyte infiltration and necrotic tissue were observed in abscess [ 16 , 24 ]. The squamous epithelium may be explored in cystic lesions, partly infiltrated by dense lymphocytes and macrophages, and partly absent from the intraepithelial lining [ 8 , 12 , 21 , 23 ]. A case of foreign body was observed by histopathological examination with well-defined starching granules from rubber gloves [ 22 ].…”

“…As Table 1 shows, there is still no consensus on the classification of IPL. The included reports (70 patients/76 implants) were preliminarily distributed in Penarrocha-Diago et al ’s classification [ 5 ]: 31 implants were inactive [ 8 , 12 , 13 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 21 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 33 , 36 ], and 46 implants were active, with acute non-suppurated(1) [ 13 ], acute suppurated (10) [ 6 , 7 , 14 , 16 , 19 , 25 , 28 , 31 , 32 ], subacute/suppurated-fistulized(7) [ 15 , 22 – 24 , 33 , 34 ], unclear stage(26) [ 35 ]. It should be noted that histopathological findings in some cases did not match Penarrocha-Diago et al’s classification to some extent.…”

“…Implant periapical cyst (21 cases): Only the cysts were removed by surgical debridement of the 9 implants [ 8 , 17 , 23 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 36 ], resulting in 6 falling and 3 remaining. Apicoectomy was performed in two implants [ 6 , 23 ] and marsupialization was performed in one [ 34 ].…”