Titanium dental implant‐related pathologies: A retrospective histopathological study

Abstract

The use of osseointegratable titanium dental implants (TDI) has revolutionized clinical dental practice and has shown a high rate

Oral Cancer around Dental Implants: Are the Clinical Manifestations and the Oncogenic Mechanisms Unique?

“…Recently, in a study of 111 biopsies of peri-implant lesions, 3.6% of those had histopathological diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinomas [3]. Another investigation demonstrated that 2.9% of 68 dental implant-related lesions were oral squamous cells carcinomas [25].…”

“…These facts underscore how critical is the histological exam of every lesion around dental implants surgically removed. Furthermore, the peri-implant lesion that does not present the classical features of an inflammatory condition and that does not respond to conventional treatment, particularly if the patient has risk factor for oral cancer, should be submitted to the biopsy and histopathological analysis [23][24][25].…”

“…Titanium is one of the most common components in implants alloys used in dental and medical fields [1,29]. High biocompatibility, appropriate mechanical properties, inertness, and corrosion resistance are among the main advantages of titanium [25,29,30]. When the titanium implant is installed in extra oral sites, where it is protected from the contact with the environment, it has inert behavior.…”

“…Furthermore, acidic solution combined with mechanical friction strength potentiates the damages to the implants surfaces. Interestingly, some studies with cytology have demonstrated the presence of titanium particles in the peri-implant tissues [23,25] regardless of the presence of peri-implantitis or peri-implant mucositis. It has been suggested that this material accumulation may be the result of the corrosive process of the dental implants [29,30,32], implant-abutment friction at the installation of the implants, and/or implantoplasty [29,31,33,34].…”

Sind Zirkonoxidimplantate eine gute biologische Alternative zu Titanimplantaten?

“…Frühere tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen unserer Forschungsgruppe liefern histologische Beweise für das Vorhandensein von Partikeln im Gewebe um Titanimplantate [4]. In Übereinstimmung mit Ergebnissen anderer Arbeitsgruppen [12, 16,22] fanden wir Titanpartikel im humanen periimplantären Gewebe um gescheiterte Titanimplantate [17], ebenso in der Mundschleimhaut über Titanimplantat-Einheilkappen [23], in Abstrichen von Mundschleimhautzellen um Titanimplantate [24], in reaktiven Läsionen in der periimplantären Mundschleimhaut [25] und in seltenen pathologischen Schleimhautläsionen, die sich in der Nähe eines Titanimplantats entwickelten [26]. Diese chemisch aktiven Metallionen/-partikel können sich an das umgebende Gewebe und auch an Proteine binden und somit durch das Gefäß-und Lymphsystem zu entfernten Organen transportiert werden.…”