Рязанский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова, Рязань, Российская Федерация _____________________________________________________________________________ Эндотелиальные клетки являются функционально-ведущим типом клеток внутренней оболочки сосудов и выполняют множество важных функций, включая поддержание гемостаза, регуляцию сосудистого тонуса, роста сосудов и процессов воспаления. Дисфункция эндотелия ассоциирована с широким спектром заболеваний, включая атеросклероз, артериальную гипертензию, сахарный диабет, аутоиммунные, инфекционные, онкологические заболевания и другие. В обзоре рассмотрены основные аспекты эмбрионального развития и морфологические особенности эндотелиальных клеток, описаны процессы васкуло-, ангио-и артериогенеза, представлены ключевые биологически активные вещества эндотелиального происхождения, а также иммуноцитохимические маркеры, позволяющие идентифицировать принадлежность к эндотелиоцитам. Информация, изложенная в статье, поможет читателю получить знания об эндотелиоцитах, что в эру активного развития клеточной биологии и молекулярной медицины важно для понимания патофизиологии и современных методов лечения пациентов с заболеваниями, ассоциированными с дисфункцией эндотелия. Ключевые слова: эндотелий; ангиогенез; васкулогенез; эндотелиальные маркеры; эндотелиальная дисфункция.
Aim. To study and compare cytotoxicity of the main types of synthetic prostheses used in arterial reconstructive surgery, including polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyethylene-terephthalate (Dacron). Materials and Methods. On the culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) of the 3rd passage, MTS test was conducted that is used in laboratory examinations with attraction of cellular technologies to study cytotoxicity of medical drugs and medical products. The test implies use of MTS reagent that is 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-il)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium; additionally phenazine methosulfate (PMS) was used that plays the role of electron-binding reagent. In the experiment, cells were incubated with PTFE and Dacron within 24 hours at 37ᵒC with 5% CO2. For control, HUVEC cultured in the standard growth medium, were used. In the presence of PMS, MTS was reduced by mitochondrial dehydrogenases of endothelial cells to formazan staining blue. Supernatant of cell cultures was evaluated by photocolorimetric method on Stat Fax 3200 analyzer (microplate reader) of Awareness technology Inc. Palm City Fl. (USA). Results. The lowest mean values were noted in Dacron group 0.21 (0.20-0.22) optical density units, the highest values were noted in the control group 0.36 (0.35-0.38); parameters in PTFE group were 0.35 (0.33-0.36). In comparison of the groups statistically significant differences were found between the control group and Dacron group (р0.001), control and PTFE group (р=0.037), Dacron and PTFE (р0.001). Incubation with Dacron led to suppression of metabolic activity of cells by 41.7% as compared to the control group (р0.001). Metabolic activity of cells exposed to PTFE, approached that of the control group, that is, it corresponded to the optimal conditions of culturing of endothelial cells in vitro. Conclusion. In comparison with polyethylene-terephthalate (Dacron), polytetrafluoro-ethylene (PTFE) showed the least suppression of metabolic activity of endothelial cells in vitro.
SCIENCE OF THE YOUNG (Eruditio Juvenium). 2019;7(2):301-6 © М.С. Коваленко, П.А. Кошулько, Н.В. Короткова _____________________________________________________________________________ Рязанский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова, Рязань, Российская Федерация _____________________________________________________________________________ Различают несколько клинических форм рака молочной железы. Это диффузная форма, узловая, а также рак Педжета, соска. Наиболее часто встречаемой формой рака молочной железы является узловая форма, которая встречается в 75-80% случаев. Рак Педжета встречается намного реже, а именно в 3-5% всех случаев, диффузная же форма в 11-15% соответственно. Одной из самых остро стоящих проблем данной патологии является своевременная и точная диагностика с выбором дальнейшей тактики лечения. Катепсины -это лизосомальные протеазы -группа ферментов, участвующих в регуляции большинства процессов, происходящих в женском организме. Основной целью нашей статьи является обращение внимания на актуальность такой темы для дальнейшего исследования, как маркеры рака молочной железы. Для этого мы проводили анализ статей, публикаций, авторефератов и работ на соискание научной степени. В результате анализа этих данных мы выяснили, что активность катепсинов при раке молочной железы по сравнению с интактной молочной железой значительно возрастает. Уровень катепсина D в несколько раз больше, чем уровень катепсина В. Также было выяснено, что данные вещества участвуют в последующих процессах метастазирования опухоли, деструкции и инвазии. При дальнейшем изучении и совершенствовании методов определения катепсинов в крови предоставляется возможность использованиях их в качестве маркеров данной патологии задолго до клинических проявлений. Ключевые слова: катепсин D; рак молочной железы; катепсин B; лизосомальные протеазы. _____________________________________________________________________________ There are several clinical forms of breast cancer. This is a diffuse form, nodular, as well as Paget's cancer of the nipple. The most common form of breast cancer is the nodular form, which occurs in 75-80% of cases. Paget's cancer is much less common, namely in 3-5% of all cases, the diffuse form of 11-15%, respectively. One of the most acute problems of this pathology is timely and accurate diagnosis with the choice of further treatment tactics. Cathepsins are lysosomal proteasesa group of enzymes involved in the regulation of most processes occurring in the female body. The main purpose of this article is to draw attention to the relevance of this topic for further research, as markers of breast cancer. To do this, we conducted an analysis of articles, publications, abstracts and works КАТЕПСИНЫ КАК МАРКЕРЫ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЙ МОЛОЧНЫХ ЖЕЛЁЗ ОБЗОРЫ | | REVIEWS
Endothelial dysfunction is universally regarded as one of the key elements in the pathogenesis of most of cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, dilated cardiomyopathy, as well as diabetes mellitus, inflammatory, oncological, and autoimmune diseases. Localization of endothelial cells in tunica intima of the vessels limits in vivo analysis of the intracellular proteins and other molecules, which regulate cellular functional activity. A possible solution to this problem may be setting experimental conditions for physiological and pathological functioning of endothelial cells. In vitro modeling of endothelial dysfunction may be a useful tool for the development of methods to improve the endothelial function and evaluate the effects of medicinal products. The objective of this literature review is to summarize main trends in studying endothelial dysfunction in vitro using different endothelial cell cultures.
The review presents current data on the structure and functional role of cell adhesion molecules belonging to the selectin family (selectins P, L and E), and their involvement in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. On the one hand, intercellular adhesion molecules of the vascular wall endothelium, platelets and leukocytes are an important link in the processes of vasculogenesis, development and regeneration of the vascular system. On the other hand, these molecules participate in the earliest stages of endothelial dysfunction with the subsequent development of pathology. For this reason, figuring out the mechanisms of activity of this group of molecules is very important for understanding the molecular basis of the cardiovascular diseases pathogenesis. The adhesion of molecules, both between cells and between cells and a component of the extracellular matrix, is the most important stage of physiological and biochemical processes. According to present knowledge, five classes of intercellular adhesion molecules are known: integrins, cadherins, immunoglobulins (including nectins), selectins and addressins. All of them are bonded to a cytoplasmic membrane and provide the interaction of cells with each other. Some of them are transmembrane and associated with the cytoskeleton of the cell. On the cell surface, intercellular adhesion molecules can be located in clusters, forming multipoint binding sites and thereby determining the degree of avidity. One of the most significant functions of selectins is participation in the initial stage of the leukocyte adhesion cascade, which results in their binding to the endothelium, rolling and further extravasation into tissues. The first stage of this process is mediated by specific non-covalent interactions between selectins and their glycan ligands, with the glycans functioning as an interface between leukocytes or cancer cells and the endothelium. Targeting these interactions remains one of the main strategies aimed at developing new methods of treating immune, inflammatory and oncological diseases.
Dysferlin is a transmembrane calcium-binding protein of the ferlin-1-like protein family, which includes myoferlin Fer1L3, otoferlin Fer1L2 and other ferlins Fer1L4, Fer1L5, and Fer1L6 along with dysferlin itself. Dysferlin is synthesized in all cells of the body, but most actively – in the symplasts of striated muscle tissue. The full range of functions performed by this protein is not fully clarified, but the following have been clearly shown: participation in the post-injury repair of sarcolemma and intracellular vesicular systems, generation and maintenance of the correct functioning of the sarcolemmal T-tubule system, regulation of endo- and exocytosis and inflammation, participation in phagocytosis. Mutations in the dysferlin gene lead to the development of a number of neuromuscular diseases of the autosomal recessive type of inheritance called dysferlinopathies: Miyoshi myopathy, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B, and distal anterior compartment myopathy. These diseases are characterized by the impaired expression of mRNA and/or the function of the protein dysferlin in skeletal muscles, which is caused by mutations in the DYSF (dystrophy-associated fer-1-like) gene. Although rare, dysferlinopathy is characterized by continuous progression causing severe disability, which explains the importance of research and development of appropriate treatments, including gene therapy. The article presents information on the structure of dysferlin, the mechanisms of its normal functions, as well as the biochemical basis of the pathogenesis of dysferlinopathies.
This article presents the results of an exploration of the determination of nitrogen oxide me-tabolites in spermoplasm among patients with chronic prostatitis IIIB with asthenozoospermia and patients with varicocele of II and III stages with asthenozoospermia.
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