Fifty-two 15-month-old Holstein heifers were synchronised with single or double injections of prostaglandin F(2alpha), followed by an injection of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) 48 hours later, and inseminated 12 to 14 hours after the injection of gnrh (day 0). Half of them were then injected twice intramuscularly with 1.1 mg/kg flunixin meglumine 12 hours apart, on the evening of day 15 and the morning of day 16, and the other 26 were not treated. Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasound 29 and 65 days after they were inseminated. On day 29, 20 of the treated heifers were pregnant compared with 13 of the control heifers (P<0.05); on day 65, 18 of the treated heifers were still pregnant compared with 12 of the control heifers (P<0.10).

The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of the synchronization of oestrus using short- and long-term progestagen treatments in Hair goats at the onset of the breeding season, and to evaluate the effect of the exogenous GnRH administration immediately prior to short-term progestagen treatment on the reproductive performance. A total of 75 Hair goats, aged 2.5-5 years-old were used in this experiment. Goats were divided equally into three groups (n=25 per group). Animals in LT-FGA (long-term progestagen treatment), ST-FGA (short-term progestagen treatment) and Gn-ST-FGA (GnRH-short-term progestagen treatment) groups received an intravaginal sponge (day 0) containing 30 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) for 14, 8 and 8 days, respectively, plus 75 μg cloprostenol i.m. 24 h before sponge removal and 400 I.U. equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) i.m. at the time of sponge removal. In addition, the goats in the Gn-ST-FGA group received 10.5 μg busereline acetate i.m. at the time of sponge insertion (day 0). Oestrus response for all treatment groups was 100%. The mean interval from sponge removal and the onset of oestrus for the LT-FGA, ST-FGA and Gn-ST-FGA groups was 28.0±1.0 h, 28.83±1.1 h and 33.1±2.0 h, respectively. No significant difference in onset of oestrus among groups was recorded. The pregnancy rate, kidding rate, multiple kidding rates and litter size were 72.0, 61.1, 45.5% and 1.6 in the LT-FGA, 70.8, 76.5, 69.2% and 1.8 in the ST-FGA and 58.3, 78.6, 63.6% and 1.6 in the Gn-ST-FGA groups, respectively. The pregnancy rates were similar in the LT-FGA (72.0%) and ST-FGA (70.8%). However, the kidding rate, multiple kidding rates and litter size were numerically higher in the ST-FGA (76.5%, 69.2% and 1.8, respectively) group than in the LT-FGA (61.1%, 45.5% and 1.6, respectively) group. Although not statistically different, pregnancy rate and litter size was lower in the Gn-ST-FGA group (58.3% and 1.6, respectively) compared with the ST-FGA (70.8% and 1.8, respectively). In conclusion, it can be said that oestrus synhcronization with long-term progestagen treatment (14 d-FGA- PGF2α- eCG) could be replaced with short-term progestagen treatment (8 d-FGA-PGF2α- eCG) without a reduction in oestrus rate and fertility parameters in lactating goats at the beginning of breeding season. However, the use of GnRH prior to short-term progestagen treatment (8 d-FGAPGF2α- eCG) do not have a positive effect on fertility parameters in goats

ÖzAmaç: Çalışmada FGA içeren süngerlerle östrüsleri uyarılan anöstrüsteki İvesi koyunlarında, eCG ve PGF2α enjeksiyonlarının süngerlerin çıkarıldığı anda veya 48 saat öncesinde uygulanmasının fertilite üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem:Çalışma 80 İvesi koyun üzerinde yürütül-dü. Süngerler vaginada 12 gün tutuldu. Grup 1'deki (n=40) koyunlara süngerlerin çıkarıldığı anda, Grup 2'deki (n=40) koyunlara ise süngerlerin çıkarılmasından 48 saat önce 400 IU eCG ve 125 mcg kloprostenol kas içi yolla enjekte edildi. Ayrıca her iki gruptaki koyunlara süngerlerin çıkarılmasın-dan 40 saat sonra 5 mcg buserelin asetat kas içi yolla uygulandı.Bulgular: Östrüs başlangıç zamanı Grup 1 ve 2'de sırasıyla 35.08±1.75 ve 32.12±1.41 saat olarak saptandı. Östrüs, gebelik ve konsepsiyon oranları Grup 1'de sırasıyla %68.4, %55.2, %80.7 olarak hesaplanırken; Grup 2'de %89.4, %76, %85.2 olarak belirlendi. Kuzulama oranları Grup 1 ve 2'de sırasıy-la %95.2 ve %100 olarak belirlendi. İkizlik oranı ve kuzu verimleri sırasıyla Grup 1'de %50 ve %150 iken, Grup 2'de %31 ve %131 olarak tespit edildi. Grup 2'nin östrüs oranı Grup 1'den istatistik olarak yüksek (P<0.05) bulunmasına rağmen Gruplar arasında diğer fertilite parametrelerinde fark tespit edilmedi (P>0.05).Öneri: Koyunlarda süngerlerin çıkarıldığı anda eCG ve kloprostenolün enjekte edilmesiyle işgücü yönünden avantaj sağ-layacağı ifade edilebilir. Anahtar kelimeler: Koyun, anöstrüs, FGA, eCG, kloprostenol AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to compare the fertility obtained with eCG and PGF2α treatment, at time of FGA impregnated sponge withdrawal or 48 h before, in ewes during anoestrous season. Materials and Methods:Research was conducted on 80 ewes. The FGA containing sponges were maintained in the vagina for 12 days. Ewes received an intramuscular injection of 400 IU eCG and 125 mcg cloprostenol at the time of sponge withdrawal in the Group1 (n=40) and 48 hours before sponge removal in the Group 2 (n=40). Additionally, all of the ewes in the study received 5 mcg buserelin acetate intramuscularly 40 hours after the sponge withdrawal.Results: Intervals from sponge removal and the onset of estrus were 35.08±1.75 and 32.12±1.41 hours in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. The estrus, pregnancy and conception rates were 68. 4%, 55.2%, 80.7% and 89.4%, 76%, 85.2% in the Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The twinning rate and litter sizes were 50% and 31%, 150% and 131% in the Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Estrus rate of Group 2 was statistically higher than Group 1 (P<0.05). No statistical difference was found in other fertility parameters between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion:It may be stated that the injections of eCG and cloprostenol at the time of sponge removal is supposed an advantage for less requirement of visit to the farms.

The objective was to determine if administration of flunixin meglumine (FM) to heifers following insemination would increase pregnancy rate due to its inhibitory effect on prostaglandin F2� (PGF2�) synthesis. Fifty-two 15-month-old Holstein heifers were synchronized with single or double injections of PGF2� followed by an injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 48 h later and a timed artificial insemination at 12-14 h after injection of GnRH (Day 0). Heifers randomly assigned to the treatment group (FMG) were injected twice with FM (1.1 mg/kg BW; i.m.), given 12 h apart on the evening of Day 15 and the morning of Day 16. The control group (CG) was not treated. Pregnancy rates were defined as the percentage of heifers diagnosed pregnant by ultrasound at Days 29 and 65 after AI. Effects of treatment on pregnancy rates and pregnancy losses were analyzed by chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Pregnancy rates in the heifers treated with FM were higher at Day 29 (76.9%; 20/26 [FMG] vs. 50%; 13/26 [CG]; P < 0.04) and tended to be higher at Day 65 (69.2%; 18/26 [FMG] vs. 46.2%; 12/26 [CG]; P < 0.09). Administration of FM two times at a critical stage leading up to pregnancy recognition, associated with corpus luteum maintenance, increased both early embryo survival and pregnancy rate via an additive antiluteolytic effect due to a delay in the luteolytic secretion of PGF2�; this provided conceptuses extra time to develop the capability to inhibit the luteolytic process.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of reducing GnRH dose on the formation of ovulation and conception Contribution/ OriginalityThis study is one of very few studies which have investigated the effect of reducing doses of buserelin acetate on the follicular development, ovulation and conception rates in the Ovsynch program of dairy cows.

The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of the progestagen containing intravaginal sponges used for 6 or 12 days at timed artificial insemination (TAI) in Hair Goats during the transition period, the effect of GnRH administrations at the time of TAI on fertility was also investigated. In this study 104 lactating hair goats aged between 2-5 years old minimally primiparous was used as animal materials. All of the goats received 30 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) impregnated vaginal sponges. The sponges were inserted into vagina for 6 days in the short-term (ST, n=52) group also for 12 days in the long-term (LT, n=52) group. The goats received 400 IU PMSG and 0.075 mg of cloprostenol at the time of sponge removal. The goats in both the ST and LT groups timed artificially inseminated 48 h after sponge withdrawal with fresh cooled semen. At the time of artificial insemination, the subgroups ST1 (n=24) and LT1 (n=22) were maintained as controls, the subgroups ST2 (n=24) and LT2 (n=23) received 5 mcg of buserelin acetate. Pregnancy and twinning rates of the ST1, ST2, LT1 and LT2 groups were 37.5%, 41.6%, 40.9%, 47.8% and 22%, 30%, 11%, 18%, respectively. The litter sizes were 122%, 130%,111% and 118% in the ST1, ST2, LT1 and LT2 groups, respectively. The parturition rates were 100% in all treatment groups. Pregnancy rates, twinning rates and litter sizes were not statistically different among the groups (P>0.05). The results of this study indicated that, a TAI protocol without detection estrus seems to be a suitable administration for short and long progesterone sponges aplications in lactating hair goats during the transition period. In addition, progesteron and AI without estrus detection procedure may be useful alternative to traditional synchronization program using progesteron and AI after estrus detection. Also, GnRH addition to progesterone sponges did not improve reproductive paramaters.