Developing mangrove forests in empty areas will form new habitats for several types of fauna, such as mollusks groups. Mollusks are soft-bodied animals that are commonly found in mangrove ecosystems. Gastropods and Bivalves are two classes that are commonly found living on and in the substrate or found attached to mangrove trees. Mangroves serve as spawning, shelter, foraging, and rearing areas for this group. The role of mollusks in the food chain in the mangrove ecosystem built as detritus eaters helps the availability of nutrients in the substrate. This study aims to determine and examine the diversity of mollusk species in each planting period in the mangrove rehabilitation area, Setapuk Besar Village, Singkawang City. The research was conducted in July 2020 using a purposive sampling technique with the direct observation method at the research location. The observation stations were in the planting years 2007, 2011, 2015, and 2019. The results showed differences in the planting period followed by different mollusks found. At the research site, ten species were found consisting of 2 classes: gastropods and bivalves, gastropods class consisting of 5 families, and two families' bivalves' class. The number of individuals found in the plots at all stations was 434. The mollusk's diversity index value at station 1 = 1.77, station 2 = 1.51, station 3 = 1.28, and station 4 = 1.39, and the overall diversity index value is 1.88. The dominance index value at station 1 = 0.20, station 2 = 0.25, station 3 = 0.31 and station 4 = 0.29. The similarity index value at stations 1 and 2 = 83.33%, stations 1 and 3 = 54.54%, stations 1 and 4 = 46.16%, stations 2 and 3 = 66.66%, stations 2 and 4 = 54.54% and stations 3 and 4 = 80%.Keywords: Molluscs, Mangrove Rehabilitation, Setapuk Besar Village Pembangunan hutan mangrove pada areal kosong akan membentuk habitat baru bagi beberapa jenis fauna seperti kelompok moluska. Moluska adalah hewan bertubuh lunak yang banyak ditemukan di ekosistem mangrove. Gastropoda dan Bivalvia merupakan dua kelas yang umum dijumpai hidup di atas dan dalam substrat atau dijumpai menempel pada pohon mangrove. Mangrove menjadi daerah pemijahan, berlindung, mencari makan dan pembesaran bagi kelompok ini. Peran moluska dalam rantai makanan di ekosistem mangrove yang terbangun sebagai pemakan detritus membantu kesediaan hara dalam substrat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji keanekaragaman jenis Moluska disetiap periode penanaman di kawasan rahabilitasi mangrove Kelurahan Setapuk Besar Kota Singkawang. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2020 menggunakan metode pengamatan langsung di lokasi penelitian dengan teknik purposive sampling. Stasiun pengamatan berada pada tahun tanam 2007, 2011, 2015 dan 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan periode tanam diikuti dengan perbedaan jenis moluska yang ditemukan. Pada lokasi penelitian ditemukan sebanyak 10 spesies terdiri dari 2 kelas yaitu gastropoda dan bivalvia, kelas gastropoda terdiri 5 famili dan kelas bivalvia 2 famili. Jumlah individu yang ditemukan dalam plot di semua stasiun penelitian sebanyak 434 individu. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis Moluska pada stasiun 1 = 1,77, stasiun 2 = 1,51, stasiun 3 = 1,28, stasiun 4 = 1,39, nilai indeks keanekaragaman secara keseluruhan adalah 1,88. Nilai indeks dominansi pada stasiun 1 = 0,20, stasiun 2 = 0,25, stasiun 3 = 0,31 dan stasiun 4 = 0,29. Nilai indeks kesamaan jenis pada stasiun 1 dan 2 = 83,33%, stasiun 1 dan 3 = 54,54%, stasiun 1 dan 4 = 46,16%, stasiun 2 dan 3 = 66,66%, stasiun 2 dan 4 = 54,54% serta stasiun 3 dan 4 = 80%.Kata kunci: Moluska, Rehabilitasi Mangrove, Kelurahan Setapuk Besar
The condition of mangrove forest in Sungai Kakap is currently decreasing in quality due to the daily activities of the community in the forest area that often utilizes mangrove forests as a necessity material, land conversion to be used as plantations and the existence of piers / ports as a center of river transportation. This situation has effect on changes composition and vegetation diversity. This study aims to find out the composition and diversity of vegetation species in the mangrove forest area of Sungai Kakap Kubu Raya Regency. Data collection was obtained based on the plotted path method and placed by purposive sampling, which means that the path was placed according to the discovery of mangrove trees by looking at the condition of mangroves which had high density, medium density, and low density. Each mangrove criteria made 2 lanes with a distance between lanes of 100m. There are 6 types of vegetation that can be found, namely, Sonneratia caseolaris, Nypa fruticans, Ficus bejamina, Acanthus ilicifolius, Kandelia candel, and Rhizophora sp. The highest species diversity index in seedling vegetation was (0.291449), sapling and tree level (0.15904) from this value it can be stated that the species diversity index in the mangrove forest area of the Sungai Kakap estuary is low. The highest species abundance for the seedling level was 0.371153. The highest level of abundance value (e) is 0.118473. The tree level of the highest abundance value (e) is 0.483816 from this value it can be stated that the abundance between species is classified as moderate. The highest species similarity is found in the comparison between dense vegetation and rare vegetation with a value of 67% of this value, it can be stated that all comparison categories have species similarity.Keywords: Mangrove diversity, Sungai Kakap estuary. Vegetation density. AbstrakKondisi hutan mangrove muara Sungai Kakap saat ini mengalami penurunan kualitas, hal ini disebabkan adanya aktivitas sehari-hari masyarakat di kawasan hutan yang sering memanfaatkan hutan mangrove untuk memenuhi kebutuhan, adanya alih fungsi lahan untuk dijadikan perkebunan dan keberadaan dermaga/pelabuhan sebagai pusat transportasi sungai. Hal ini berdampak pada terjadinya perubahan pada komposisi dan keanekaragamaan jenis vegetasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi dan keanekaragaman jenis vegetasi di kawasan hutan mangrove Muara Sungai Kakap Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Pengumpulan data diperoleh berdasarkan metode jalur berpetak dan diletakkan secara purposive sampling yang artinya jalur diletakkan sesuai ditemukannya pohon mangrove dengan melihat kondisi mangrove yang memiliki kerapatan tinggi, kerapatan sedang, dan kerapatan rendah. Setiap kriteria mangrove dibuat 2 jalur dengan jarak antar jalur 100m. Jenis vegetasi yang dapat di jumpai sebanyak 6 jenis yaitu, Sonneratia caseolaris, Nypa fruticans, Ficus bejamina, Acanthus ilicifolius, Kandelia candel, dan Rhizophora sp. Indek keanekaragaman jenis tertinggi pada vegetasi semai adalah (0,291449), tingkat pancang dan pohon (0,15904) dari nilai tersebut dapat dinyatakan bahwa indeks keanekaragam jenis dikawasan hutan mangrove muara Sungai Kakap tergolong rendah. Kelimpahan jenis tertinggi untuk tingkat semai adalah 0,371153. Tingkat pancang nilai kelimpahan (e) tertinggi adalah 0,118473. Tingkat pohon nilai kelimpahan (e) tertinggi adalah 0,483816 dari nilai tersebut dapat dinyatakan bahwa kelimpahan antar spesies tergolong sedang. Kesamaan jenis tertinggi terdapat pada perbandingan antara katagori vegetasi rapat dan vegetasi jarang dengan nilai 67% dari nilai tersebut dapat dinyatakan bahwa semua katagori perbandingan terdapat kesamaan jenis.Kata kunci : Keanekaragaman mangrove, Kerapatan vegetasi, Muara Sungai Kakap
Mangrove forest ecosystems that are maintained can be a source of economic income for local communities, including mangrove forests in Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan. Mangrove plants have considerable potential as natural dyes. One part of the plant is the leaf. The development of natural dyes from leaves is an alternative to produce environmentally friendly products, namely ecoprint. Ecoprint is a natural coloring technique by utilizing plant parts including leaves without using chemicals. Ecoprint knowledge and skills for the surrounding community, especially junior and senior high school students, are important so that creativity is honed and becomes entrepreneurial capital. The purpose of this activity is to evaluate the knowledge, skills, and interests of junior and senior high school students in Mempawah Regency regarding ecoprints from mangrove leaves. Activities are carried out with two methods, namely the lecture method in the form of presentations and the training method. Junior and senior high school students' knowledge was also evaluated by means of questionnaires distributed before and after the activity. All participants can make ecoprints pounding technique using mangrove plants with different color density results. Participants' knowledge about ecoprint, leaf materials, and the advantages of ecoprint increased after the training activities. Ecoprint training activities can be activities that support arts and crafts and science subjects.
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