Forest mangrove constitute some ecosystem estuaria with system that apoplectic terbuka open and amenable nutrition pretty material organic and non organic along sediment from circle terrestrial. Literally ecology forest mangrove have a role urgent inside guard awkwaedness live water the sea and coastal. Literally economical, some research show that mangrove gives contributions to fish resources revolved 30%-44,18% the mangrove region a habitat for the various of fish, even some types of fish do breeding in the mangrove area. This research is aimed at exploring the diversity in the river mangrove area kakap district Kubu Raya Province Borneo. Methods that used inside research here that is perposive sampling using tools catch nets and dragnet with 10 supprssant on broads 50 meter and installation draget at any dot observations. Samples taken in the show 6 points of observation within 100 meters. The setting of the sample points was done in the labyrinth p the mangrove orest, which is fine, moderate and badly demaged. Observations in the mangrove conditions affect the diversity of fish such as fine, moderate, and degraded conditions, the result is evidenced by accounts based on the reddish diersity in each observation station on this study is found as many as 5 different fish.Keyword : Fish, Mangrove, Species Diversity Of Fish
Vegetation is one of the components that affect turtle habitat.Therefore, it is necessary to know the vegetation that becomes a character for turtles in the process of laying eggs.This observation aims to identify the types of vegetation in some sectors of landing egg-laying turtles.The method carried out is a direct survey on the ground, and the results obtained found 10 types of vegetation from the same three sectors including tree habitus, perdu and herbaceous.Pandanus tectorius, Scaevolla taccada, and Hibiscus tiliaceus are the dominant species in the sector.Keywords: turtle habitat, vegetationAbstrakVegetasi merupakan salah satu komponen yang berpengaruh bagi habitat penyu. Oleh karena itu perlu diketahui vegetasi yang menjadi karakter bagi penyu dalam melakukan proses bertelur. Pengamatan ini bertujuan untuk identifikasi jenis-jenis vegetasi pada beberapa sektor mendaratnya penyu bertelur. Metode yang dilakukan adalah survey langsung di lapangan, dan hasil yang diperoleh ditemukan 10 jenis vegetasi yang sama dari ketiga sektor diantaranya habitus pohon, perdu dan herba. Pandanus tectorius, Scaevolla taccada, dan Hibiscus tiliaceus merupakan spesies yang mendominasi di sektor tersebut.Kata Kunci: habitat penyu, vegetasi.
This study aims to determine the rate of decomposition and the nutrient content of carbon (C-org), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) of mangrove leaf litter released during the decomposition process. The method used is purposive sampling, where the determination of observation stations is based on the year of mangrove planting, namely 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2016. The analysis of litter decomposition rate uses the Boonruang equation, C-org uses the Walkley & Black method, N uses the Kjeldahl method and P uses the wet destruction method. The results showed that the most significant decomposition rate occurred in the 2016 planting year litter of 71.924%, followed by 2007, 2010 and 2013 planting years with a value of 58,582%, 55,360% and 47,048%, respectively. The highest nutrient content of C-org and P was found in mangroves in the 2010 planting year with values of 50.82 and 0.14 ppm, and the highest N nutrient content was in the 2007 planting year with a value of 1.25%. In conclusion, the mangrove leaf litter during the research was not completely decomposed. The decomposition process in the 2010 planting year had the highest C-org and P-released nutrients. The highest N nutrient content was found in the 2007 planting year. Keywords: Decomposition Rate, Mangrove, Litter
The land for mangrove forest rehabilitation in Setapuk Besar Village, North Singkawang District is quite alarming due to abrasion and seawater intrusion. Leaf litter decomposition of Rhizophora spp. produce essential nutrients that function as a source of food and support the life of mangrove plants. The purpose of this study was to calculate the rate of decomposition of leaf litter of mangrove Rhizophora spp. in the rehabilitation area of mangrove forests and obtain the amount of nutrient content (C-organic, N, P) from mangrove leaf litter released during the decomposition process. This study uses a survey method with a purposive technique with reference to the category of planting year (2007, 2010, 2013 and 2016). Rhizophora spp. leaf litter decomposition rate. The highest was found at station II with a value of 0.13 (gr/day) while the lowest decompositcccpion rate was found at stations II, III and IV with a value of 0.12 (gr/day). The highest value of carbon (C-organic) content was found at station II at 52.39%, the lowest value was at station IV at 49.20%. The highest value of nitrogen content was found at station I of 1.21%, while the lowest value was found at station IV at 0.76%. The highest value of phosphorus nutrient content was found at station III of 0.30%, while the lowest value was found at station II of 0.25%.Keywords: Decomposition Rate, Litter, Mangrove AbstrakLahan rehabilitasi hutan mangrove yang berada di Kelurahan Setapuk Besar Kecamatan Singkawang Utara cukup memprihatinkan yang disebabkan oleh abrasi dan intrusi air laut. Penguraian serasah daun Rhizophora spp. menghasilkan unsur hara yang esensial berfungsi sebagai sumber makanan dan penyangga kehidupan tanaman mangrove. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghitung nilai laju dekomposisi serasah daun mangrove Rhizophora spp. di lahan rehabilitasi hutan mangrove dan mendapatkan jumlah kandungan unsur hara (C-organik, N, P) dari serasah daun mangrove yang dilepas selama proses terurai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan teknik purposive dengan mengacu pada kategori tahun tanam (2007, 2010, 2013 dan 2016). Laju penguraian serasah daun Rhizophora spp. tertinggi terdapat pada stasiun II dengan nilai sebesar 0,13 (gr/hari) sedangkan untuk laju penguraian terendah terdapat pada stasiun II, III dan IV dengan nilai sebesar 0,12 (gr/hari). Nilai kandungan Karbon (C-organik) tertinggi terdapat pada stasiun II sebesar 52,39%, nilai terendah terdapat pada stasiun IV sebesar 49,20%. Nilai kandungan Nitrogen yang tertinggi terdapat pada stasiun I sebesar 1,21%, sedangkan nilai terendah terdapat pada stasiun IV sebesar 0,76%. Nilai kandungan unsur hara Posfor tertinggi terdapat pada stasiun III sebesar 0,30%, sedangkan nilai terendah terdapat pada stasiun II sebesar 0,25%.Kata kunci: Laju penguraian, mangrove, serasah, Setapuk Besar
Developing mangrove forests in empty areas will form new habitats for several types of fauna, such as mollusks groups. Mollusks are soft-bodied animals that are commonly found in mangrove ecosystems. Gastropods and Bivalves are two classes that are commonly found living on and in the substrate or found attached to mangrove trees. Mangroves serve as spawning, shelter, foraging, and rearing areas for this group. The role of mollusks in the food chain in the mangrove ecosystem built as detritus eaters helps the availability of nutrients in the substrate. This study aims to determine and examine the diversity of mollusk species in each planting period in the mangrove rehabilitation area, Setapuk Besar Village, Singkawang City. The research was conducted in July 2020 using a purposive sampling technique with the direct observation method at the research location. The observation stations were in the planting years 2007, 2011, 2015, and 2019. The results showed differences in the planting period followed by different mollusks found. At the research site, ten species were found consisting of 2 classes: gastropods and bivalves, gastropods class consisting of 5 families, and two families' bivalves' class. The number of individuals found in the plots at all stations was 434. The mollusk's diversity index value at station 1 = 1.77, station 2 = 1.51, station 3 = 1.28, and station 4 = 1.39, and the overall diversity index value is 1.88. The dominance index value at station 1 = 0.20, station 2 = 0.25, station 3 = 0.31 and station 4 = 0.29. The similarity index value at stations 1 and 2 = 83.33%, stations 1 and 3 = 54.54%, stations 1 and 4 = 46.16%, stations 2 and 3 = 66.66%, stations 2 and 4 = 54.54% and stations 3 and 4 = 80%.Keywords: Molluscs, Mangrove Rehabilitation, Setapuk Besar Village Pembangunan hutan mangrove pada areal kosong akan membentuk habitat baru bagi beberapa jenis fauna seperti kelompok moluska. Moluska adalah hewan bertubuh lunak yang banyak ditemukan di ekosistem mangrove. Gastropoda dan Bivalvia merupakan dua kelas yang umum dijumpai hidup di atas dan dalam substrat atau dijumpai menempel pada pohon mangrove. Mangrove menjadi daerah pemijahan, berlindung, mencari makan dan pembesaran bagi kelompok ini. Peran moluska dalam rantai makanan di ekosistem mangrove yang terbangun sebagai pemakan detritus membantu kesediaan hara dalam substrat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji keanekaragaman jenis Moluska disetiap periode penanaman di kawasan rahabilitasi mangrove Kelurahan Setapuk Besar Kota Singkawang. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2020 menggunakan metode pengamatan langsung di lokasi penelitian dengan teknik purposive sampling. Stasiun pengamatan berada pada tahun tanam 2007, 2011, 2015 dan 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan periode tanam diikuti dengan perbedaan jenis moluska yang ditemukan. Pada lokasi penelitian ditemukan sebanyak 10 spesies terdiri dari 2 kelas yaitu gastropoda dan bivalvia, kelas gastropoda terdiri 5 famili dan kelas bivalvia 2 famili. Jumlah individu yang ditemukan dalam plot di semua stasiun penelitian sebanyak 434 individu. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis Moluska pada stasiun 1 = 1,77, stasiun 2 = 1,51, stasiun 3 = 1,28, stasiun 4 = 1,39, nilai indeks keanekaragaman secara keseluruhan adalah 1,88. Nilai indeks dominansi pada stasiun 1 = 0,20, stasiun 2 = 0,25, stasiun 3 = 0,31 dan stasiun 4 = 0,29. Nilai indeks kesamaan jenis pada stasiun 1 dan 2 = 83,33%, stasiun 1 dan 3 = 54,54%, stasiun 1 dan 4 = 46,16%, stasiun 2 dan 3 = 66,66%, stasiun 2 dan 4 = 54,54% serta stasiun 3 dan 4 = 80%.Kata kunci: Moluska, Rehabilitasi Mangrove, Kelurahan Setapuk Besar
The condition of mangrove forest in Sungai Kakap is currently decreasing in quality due to the daily activities of the community in the forest area that often utilizes mangrove forests as a necessity material, land conversion to be used as plantations and the existence of piers / ports as a center of river transportation. This situation has effect on changes composition and vegetation diversity. This study aims to find out the composition and diversity of vegetation species in the mangrove forest area of Sungai Kakap Kubu Raya Regency. Data collection was obtained based on the plotted path method and placed by purposive sampling, which means that the path was placed according to the discovery of mangrove trees by looking at the condition of mangroves which had high density, medium density, and low density. Each mangrove criteria made 2 lanes with a distance between lanes of 100m. There are 6 types of vegetation that can be found, namely, Sonneratia caseolaris, Nypa fruticans, Ficus bejamina, Acanthus ilicifolius, Kandelia candel, and Rhizophora sp. The highest species diversity index in seedling vegetation was (0.291449), sapling and tree level (0.15904) from this value it can be stated that the species diversity index in the mangrove forest area of the Sungai Kakap estuary is low. The highest species abundance for the seedling level was 0.371153. The highest level of abundance value (e) is 0.118473. The tree level of the highest abundance value (e) is 0.483816 from this value it can be stated that the abundance between species is classified as moderate. The highest species similarity is found in the comparison between dense vegetation and rare vegetation with a value of 67% of this value, it can be stated that all comparison categories have species similarity.Keywords: Mangrove diversity, Sungai Kakap estuary. Vegetation density. AbstrakKondisi hutan mangrove muara Sungai Kakap saat ini mengalami penurunan kualitas, hal ini disebabkan adanya aktivitas sehari-hari masyarakat di kawasan hutan yang sering memanfaatkan hutan mangrove untuk memenuhi kebutuhan, adanya alih fungsi lahan untuk dijadikan perkebunan dan keberadaan dermaga/pelabuhan sebagai pusat transportasi sungai. Hal ini berdampak pada terjadinya perubahan pada komposisi dan keanekaragamaan jenis vegetasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi dan keanekaragaman jenis vegetasi di kawasan hutan mangrove Muara Sungai Kakap Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Pengumpulan data diperoleh berdasarkan metode jalur berpetak dan diletakkan secara purposive sampling yang artinya jalur diletakkan sesuai ditemukannya pohon mangrove dengan melihat kondisi mangrove yang memiliki kerapatan tinggi, kerapatan sedang, dan kerapatan rendah. Setiap kriteria mangrove dibuat 2 jalur dengan jarak antar jalur 100m. Jenis vegetasi yang dapat di jumpai sebanyak 6 jenis yaitu, Sonneratia caseolaris, Nypa fruticans, Ficus bejamina, Acanthus ilicifolius, Kandelia candel, dan Rhizophora sp. Indek keanekaragaman jenis tertinggi pada vegetasi semai adalah (0,291449), tingkat pancang dan pohon (0,15904) dari nilai tersebut dapat dinyatakan bahwa indeks keanekaragam jenis dikawasan hutan mangrove muara Sungai Kakap tergolong rendah. Kelimpahan jenis tertinggi untuk tingkat semai adalah 0,371153. Tingkat pancang nilai kelimpahan (e) tertinggi adalah 0,118473. Tingkat pohon nilai kelimpahan (e) tertinggi adalah 0,483816 dari nilai tersebut dapat dinyatakan bahwa kelimpahan antar spesies tergolong sedang. Kesamaan jenis tertinggi terdapat pada perbandingan antara katagori vegetasi rapat dan vegetasi jarang dengan nilai 67% dari nilai tersebut dapat dinyatakan bahwa semua katagori perbandingan terdapat kesamaan jenis.Kata kunci : Keanekaragaman mangrove, Kerapatan vegetasi, Muara Sungai Kakap
Mangrove forests are natural resources that have an important role for living things in the sea and on land. Because the location of mangrove forests is very specific, has an enormous ecological role, and has high socio-economic value potency. Economically, these ecosystems are a source of non-timber forest products for the local community, in addition to the benefits of environmental services, and physically play a role in preventing abrasion. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the growth of mangrove plants In the mangrove area of Setapuk Besar Village, Singkawang City. The benefit of this research is that this research is expected to provide useful information, especially for area managers and also for other researchers who will conduct more basic research on the growth of mangrove plants This research is expected to support development activities in the mangrove area of Setapuk Besar Village, Singkawang City. The research method used was a survey with a plot technique that was placed systematically. Plant samples taken came from the 2015-2018 planting year, mangrove growth data plant Was obtained from direct measurements and observations of the object of research in the field. Every year of planting, 5 plots measuring 3x3 meters were made. All the plants in the measuring plots were taken with measurement samples. The results showed that the average diameter growth in plants those aged 5 years, 4 years, 3 years and 2 years were 3.25 cm, 2.5 cm, 2.06 cm and 1.46 cm respectively. Meanwhile, the average height growth rate was high in plant those aged 5 years, 4 years, 3 years and 2 years respectively are 255.53 cm, 239.35 cm, 146.01 cm and 92.22 cm.Keywords: Diameter and height growth, Mangrove, systematic samplingAbstrakHutan mangrove merupakan sumberdaya alam yang memiliki peran penting untuk mahluk hidup yang hidup di laut maupun di darat. Karena letak hutan mangrove yang sangat spesifik, peranan ekologis, dan berpotensi memiliki nilai sosial ekonomis tinggi. Secara ekonomis, ekosistem ini merupakan sumber hasil hutan bukan kayu bagi masyarakat setempat, disamping selain manfaat jasa lingkungan dan secara fisik berperan mencegah terjadinya abrasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan informasi tentang pertumbuhan tanaman bakau di kawasan mangrove Kelurahan Setapuk Besar Kota Singkawang. Manfaat Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi yang berguna terutama bagi pengelola kawasan dan juga kepada peneliti-peneliti lain yang akan melakukan penelitian lebih mendasar mengenai pertumbuhan tanaman bakau. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mendukung kegiatan pengembangan di kawasan mangrove Kelurahan Setapuk Besar Kota Singkawang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei dengan teknik petak ukur yang diletakkan secara sistematis. Sampel tanaman yang diambil berasal dari tahun tanam 2015-2018. Data pertumbuhan bakau diperoleh dari pengukuran dan pengamatan secara langsung terhadap objek penelitian di lapangan. Setiap tahun tanam di buat 5 petak berukuran 3x3 meter. Semua tanaman yang terdapat di dalam petak ukur diambil sampel pengukuran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata pertumbuhan diameter pada tanaman bakau yang berumur 5 tahun, 4 tahun, 3 tahun dan 2 tahun berturut-turut sebesare 3,25 cm, 2,5 cm, 2,06 cm dan 1,46 cm. Sedangkan rerata pertumbuhan tinggi rerata tinggi pada tanaman Rhizophora spp. yang berumur 5 tahun, 4 tahun, 3 tahun dan 2 tahun berturut-turut sebesar 255,53 cm, 239,35 cm, 146,01 cm dan 92,22 cm.Kata Kunci: Mangrove, pertumbuhan diameter dan tinggi, sistematik sampling
Macrobenthos is one of the organisms that play an essential role in the decomposition process of mangrove plant litter. Other organisms then use the result of the decomposition process in mangrove forests. Still, the existence of these organisms is susceptible to environmental changes, so it is often interpreted as one of the indicators of habitat quality. This research aims to determine the sustainability and diversity of macrobenthos as an indicator of habitat quality in mangrove forests. Data collection is carried out by the plot cluster method. Sample deflating points using purposive sampling. Cluster plots are placed on three observation stations with different conditions, namely natural mangrove forests (station 1), former pond areas (station 2), and areas adjacent to agricultural land (station 3). Each station has three plots measuring 10 x 10 meters to record tree level mangrove vegetation. Each plot has five subplots measuring 1 x 1 meter to take macrobenthos samples. The total number of plots is nine plots for mangrove vegetation and 45 subplots for macrobenthos. The results showed that macrobenthos ability ranged from 10 individuals / m2 to 15 individuals / m2, with the diversity index ranging from 1.49 to 1.73. This condition illustrates that mangrove habitat is included in the medium classification in other words, based on the state of the structure of the biota Bentos community in the mangrove forest in Siantan District, Mempawah regency is fairly a stable category.
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