Background Irrational use of this drug leads to emergence of resistant bacteria and also leads to infections that are worse than the original diagnosed ones. Important concern is the uncertainty of administered antibiotics about whether the quality of a generic medicine is equal to brand name drug; if both brand/generic are bioequivalent, then antibiotic selection should be based on the cost of therapy. Methods The efficacy of seven ceftriaxone brands available at Ambo, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, was evaluated by microwell plate diffusion technique against four different bacteria. Results All brands of two concentrations were showed sufficient inhibitory activity against four microorganisms, so they should all be considered as bioequivalence. Among all brands tested, B6 showed higher activity against Escherichia coli American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 10536, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 25619, and B1 showed higher activity against Salmonella typhi ATCC 06775. Interestingly, the concentration C2 (50 μg/ml) of B1-B7 showed equivalent zone of inhibition to that of the standard.
ConclusionWe conclude that performance of tested ceftriaxone injectable products were equivalent to the standard. We recommend that the physicians may select the ceftriaxone brand which is low cost in order to reduce the cost of treatment.
Background: The person with diabetes mellitus has a chronic lifelong disease, the person mustbe knowledgeable to coordinate life style modification in to a daily routine of work to achieve andmaintain normal physiological blood glucose level. The objective of this study was to determinethe knowledge, attitude and practices of LSM management of type 2 diabetic patients in AdamaMedical College Hospital. Methodology: Across-sectional study was conducted to assessknowledge, attitude and practice of type 2 diabetic patients towards LSM management of DM inAdama Medical College Hospital. Data was cleaned and analyzed by using SPSS version 16.0and presented descriptively and analytically. Result: Concerning knowledge of the patients towardsLSM management of diabetic; majority of the patients were knowledgeable which accounts 90(77.59%) followed by 13 (11.21%) patients fairly knowledgeable and the other 13 (11.21%) patientswere poorly knowledgeable. Regarding attitude of the patients 95 (81.89%) patients had positiveattitude and the other 21(18.11%) had fair attitude. In another way almost half of the patients 57(49.1%) had good practice. The other 39 (33.62%) and 20 (17.24%) have poor and averagepractice respectively. Conclusion and Recommendation: The result of this study showed, majorityof type 2 DM patients had good knowledge, positive attitude and good practices towards LSM.The researcher recommend all stake holders (Ministry of health, Diabetic associations, Healthinstitution, health professionals, care givers and NGO) found around this area must cooperateto improve KAP of the patients towards LSM. Especial attention should be given to the practicesof the patients and further research should also be done on this topic.
Objective: Docetaxel (DTX), a potent anticancer drug, is suffering from non-specificity and drug resistance as major limitations. In this investigation, we developed Hyaluronic acid (HA)-Docetaxel conjugate (HA-DTX) loaded nanoliposomes to target cancer cells via passive and active targeting approaches.
Methods: HA-DTX was synthesized and characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction and then loaded into nanoliposomes (L-NLs) by thin-film hydration method. L-NLs were characterized physicochemically and evaluated for anticancer efficacy by in vitro cytotoxicity study in glioma cells (C6 glial cells); cellular uptake and apoptotic effect were investigated by fluorescence microscopy.
Results: HA-DTX was successfully synthesized; L-NLs had an average size of 123.0±16.53 nm, polydispersity index of 0.246±0.01 and zeta potential of 44.4±6.79 mV. Also, L-NLs exhibited 90.54%±4.22 of drug loading efficiency and 2.68%±0.12 of drug loading, releasing about 57.72%±1.17 at pH 5.2 and only 14.14%±1.32 at pH 7.4 after 48 h. No significant change instability was observed after storage at 5 °C±3 °C as well as at 25 °C±2 °C/60% RH±5% RH for 6 mo. The cytotoxicity effect of L-NLs was higher by 10% that of marketed formulation at 10 µg/ml docetaxel concentration. Fluorescence microscopic investigation showed that more cellular uptake and apoptotic effect were observed in L-NLs treated C6 glial cells than in those treated with the marketed formulation.
Conclusion: HA-DTX loaded nanoliposomes enabled docetaxel to target C6 glial cells with better efficacy and might be effective to treat glioma.
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