Polymer-Drug Conjugates: Novel Carriers for Cancer Chemotherapy

Seifu, Muluneh Fromsa; Nath, Lila Kanta

doi:10.1080/03602559.2018.1466172

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Antioxidant molecules can also be attached directly to the polymer chains by covalent bonds. The conjugation reactions are usually esterifications or acylations, mediated by coupling agents like dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide or N‐hydroxysuccinimide esters . For example, tannic acid has been covalently attached to poly(metacrylic acid) to form tannic acid‐decorated nanoparticles, the antioxidant activity of which is higher than that of the antioxidant alone …”

Section: Nanovectors For Antioxidant Targeting and Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants and Nanotechnology: Promises and Limits of Potentially Disruptive Approaches in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases

Martinelli

Pucci

Battaglini

et al. 2019

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Many central nervous system (CNS) diseases are still incurable and only symptomatic treatments are available. Oxidative stress is suggested to be a common hallmark, being able to cause and exacerbate the neuronal cell dysfunctions at the basis of these pathologies, such as mitochondrial impairments, accumulation of misfolded proteins, cell membrane damages, and apoptosis induction. Several antioxidant compounds are tested as potential countermeasures for CNS disorders, but their efficacy is often hindered by the loss of antioxidant properties due to enzymatic degradation, low bioavailability, poor water solubility, and insufficient blood–brain barrier crossing efficiency. To overcome the limitations of antioxidant molecules, exploitation of nanostructures, either for their delivery or with inherent antioxidant properties, is proposed. In this review, after a brief discussion concerning the role of the blood–brain barrier in the CNS and the involvement of oxidative stress in some neurodegenerative diseases, the most interesting research concerning the use of nano‐antioxidants is introduced and discussed, focusing on the synthesis procedures, functionalization strategies, in vitro and in vivo tests, and on recent clinical trials.

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Section: Nanovectors For Antioxidant Targeting and Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants and Nanotechnology: Promises and Limits of Potentially Disruptive Approaches in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases

Martinelli

Pucci

Battaglini

et al. 2019

Adv Healthcare Materials

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“…Over the past several decades, remarkable progress has been made in the development of delivery systems to treat cancer more effectively [ 5 ]. Of these systems, polymer–drug conjugates are emerging as an important class of anti-cancer drugs [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Indeed, the use of polymer–drug conjugates has already proven to be a successful strategy to overcome some limitations of the free drug [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotinylated Polymer-Ruthenium Conjugates: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies in a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Model

et al. 2022

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The need for new therapeutic approaches for triple-negative breast cancer is a clinically relevant problem that needs to be solved. Using a multi-targeting approach to enhance cancer cell uptake, we synthesized a new family of ruthenium(II) organometallic complexes envisaging simultaneous active and passive targeting, using biotin and polylactide (PLA), respectively. All compounds with the general formula, [Ru(η5-CpR)(P)(2,2′-bipy-4,4′-PLA-biotin)][CF3SO3], where R is -H or -CH3 and P is P(C6H5)3, P(C6H4F)3 or P(C6H4OCH3)3, were tested against triple-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 showing IC50 values between 2.3–14.6 µM, much better than cisplatin, a classical chemotherapeutic drug, in the same experimental conditions. We selected compound 1 (where R is H and P is P(C6H5)3), for further studies as it was the one showing the best biological effect. In a competitive assay with biotin, we showed that cell uptake via SMVT receptors seems to be the main transport route into the cells for this compound, validating the strategy of including biotin in the design of the compound. The effects of the compound on the hallmarks of cancer show that the compound leads to apoptosis, interferes with proliferation by affecting the formation of cell colonies in a dose-dependent manner and disrupts the cell cytoskeleton. Preliminary in vivo assays in N: NIH(S)II-nu/nu mice show that the concentrations of compound 1 used in this experiment (maximum 4 mg/Kg) are safe to use in vivo, although some signs of liver toxicity are already found. In addition, the new compound shows a tendency to control tumor growth, although not significantly. In sum, we showed that compound 1 shows promising anti-cancer effects, bringing a new avenue for triple-negative breast cancer therapy.

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“…Common products used as carriers include synthetic polymers, biopolymers, and polymer nanocomposites.Some of the most useful drugs for chemotherapy are toxic chemicals able to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. The use of chemotherapeutic drugs has been in part hindered by their poor solubility in water, their short biological half-life, their lack of targeting ability, and the development of multidrug resistance [5]. In the last decades, nanoparticles have shown significant promise as an oncology treatment modality.…”

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confidence: 99%

Polymers and Polymer Nanocomposites for Cancer Therapy

Feldman

2019

Applied Sciences

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Synthetic polymers, biopolymers, and their nanocomposites are being studied, and some of them are already used in different medical areas. Among the synthetic ones that can be mentioned are polyolefins, fluorinated polymers, polyesters, silicones, and others. Biopolymers such as polysaccharides (chitosan, hyaluronic acid, starch, cellulose, alginates) and proteins (silk, fibroin) have also become widely used and investigated for applications in medicine. Besides synthetic polymers and biopolymers, their nanocomposites, which are hybrids formed by a macromolecular matrix and a nanofiller (mineral or organic), have attracted great attention in the last decades in medicine and in other fields due to their outstanding properties. This review covers studies done recently using the polymers, biopolymers, nanocomposites, polymer micelles, nanomicelles, polymer hydrogels, nanogels, polymersomes, and liposomes used in medicine as drugs or drug carriers for cancer therapy and underlines their responses to internal and external stimuli able to make them more active and efficient. They are able to replace conventional cancer drug carriers, with better results. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 3899 2 of 24 nanocomposites offer numerous opportunities in diverse applications, including nanocarriers, tissue engineering, antimicrobials, sensors, etc. These new groups of materials have gained significant research interest due to their novel properties, which are gained through the addition of nanofillers. Polymer nanocomposites have significant potential in disease theranostics, and nanotechnology brings great promise in cancer drug carriers [4].Chemotherapy implies the use of drugs and, besides the drugs, carriers. Common products used as carriers include synthetic polymers, biopolymers, and polymer nanocomposites.Some of the most useful drugs for chemotherapy are toxic chemicals able to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. The use of chemotherapeutic drugs has been in part hindered by their poor solubility in water, their short biological half-life, their lack of targeting ability, and the development of multidrug resistance [5]. In the last decades, nanoparticles have shown significant promise as an oncology treatment modality. Responsive polymers represent a promising class of nanoparticles that can trigger delivery through the exploitation of a specific stimuli. Response to a stimulus is one of the most basic processes found in living systems. A tutorial review highlighted the recent developments in polymer-based approaches to internally responsive nanoparticles for oncology [6].One important goal of medicine is to develop carriers that can selectively deliver anticancer drugs to tumor cells with no or minimal side effects in healthy cells [7,8].Polymers and their nanocomposites in different forms, such as micelles, hydrogels, polymersomes, and liposomes, have important potential in cancer diagnosis and treatment.Nanocomposites are popular in many areas due to properties such as their unique design capacity, eco-friendly nature, ...

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Polymer-Drug Conjugates: Novel Carriers for Cancer Chemotherapy

Cited by 22 publications

References 50 publications

Antioxidants and Nanotechnology: Promises and Limits of Potentially Disruptive Approaches in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases

Antioxidants and Nanotechnology: Promises and Limits of Potentially Disruptive Approaches in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases

Biotinylated Polymer-Ruthenium Conjugates: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies in a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Model

Polymers and Polymer Nanocomposites for Cancer Therapy

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