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Abstract. This paper presents a new experimental approach to simulate projected autonomous driving styles based on the accelerations at three road profiles. This study was focused on the determination of ranges of accelerations in triaxial direction to simulate the autonomous driving experience. A special device, known as the Automatic Acceleration and Data controller (AUTOAccD), has been developed to guide the designated driver to accomplish the selected accelerations based on the road profiles and the intended driving styles namely assertive, defensive and light rail transit (LRT). Experimental investigations have been carried out at three different road profiles (junction, speed hump, and corner) with two designated drivers with five trials on each condition. A driving style with the accelerations of LRT has also been included in this study as it is significant to the present methodology because the autonomous car is predicted to accelerate like an LRT, in such a way that it enables the users to conduct activities such as working on a laptop, using personal devices or eating and drinking while travelling. The results demonstrated that 92 out of 110 trials of the intended accelerations for autonomous driving styles could be achieved and simulated on the real road by the designated drivers. The differences between the two designated drivers were negligible, and the rates of succeeding in realizing the intended accelerations were high. The present approach in simulating autonomous driving styles focusing on accelerations can be used as a tool for experimental setup involving autonomous driving experience and acceptance.

Due to the increasing demand on developing good insulation, several researchers have performed experimental studies to prove the effectiveness and capabilities of transformer oil. This is done by suspending nanosized solid particles in the oil (nanofluid) for transformer applications. In brief, this paper presents a compilation of research studies which is divided into three parts. Part I discuss the preparation of the nanofluid which involves different types of nanomaterials, the optimal amount of concentrations, and applicable synthesisation methods for producing stably suspended nanofluids. In Part II, the nanofluid’s performances including the electrical breakdown voltages, impulse tests, and thermal and dielectric behaviour are reviewed in depth and compared. Part III emphasizes the limitation of nanofluids. Most researchers have agreed that appropriate concentrations of nanomaterials and the preparation method for nanofluids mainly affect the performance of nanofluids especially in terms of electrical properties. Meanwhile, types of nanomaterials and base oil also play a vital role in producing nanofluids as a better alternative transformer oil. However, among a few researchers, there are concerns regarding the issue of agglomeration and inconsistencies of findings that need to be resolved. Therefore, a few aspects must be taken into consideration to produce the next generation of high heat dissipation insulation.

Compress natural gas (CNG) is also considered as alternative fuel to produce better emission in a vehicle, but the main disadvantage of CNG in comparison to liquid fuel (gasoline) is the lack of power produced for the same capacity of engine. In this study, the single cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine was selected in order to study the effect CNG into the spark ignition engine. The hydraulic dynamometer was used to study the performance of CNG and liquid fuel. The usage of sensor also applies to the test to extract the data during the ignition stage for liquid fuel and CNG. The heat generated by both types of fuel also had been extracted from the tested engine in order to define which usage of fuel would cause a higher heat transfer to the engine. From this study, the result showed that pressure inside cylinder for CNG is 20% less than gasoline. CNG fuel also produced 23% less heat transfer rate compared to gasoline. The results explained why CNG produced 18.5% lower power compared to liquid fuel (gasoline).So, some improvement needs to be done in order to use CNG as fuel.

This paper presents a fully coupled transient thermomechanical analysis of a disc brake that takes into account the so-called ‘rotating-heat-source’ effect. Results from this are used to inform the time-based extraction of system eigenvalues that permit quantification of the squeal propensity of the brake. The model performance is validated against a series of dynamometer tests, based upon the SAE J2521 drag brake test schedule, in which the ability of the model to predict the fugitive nature of the squeal problem is confirmed. Finally, a parametric study is also presented that shows how the technique can be used to desensitise the squeal propensity to both material and geometric design changes.

This paper presents the development of the Mobility Lab, an instrumented car that was developed to support research on the comfort of automated driving. The Mobility Lab was established as a platform to investigate the implications of motion sickness on human users especially when exposed to low-frequency horizontal forces while engaging in non-driving activities. First, the Mobility Lab's overview of interior setup and system architecture involving data acquisition system with its sensors is described. Then, a validation study is presented, comprising of simulations with forty-six participants by two designated drivers. The simulations were focusing on the manipulation of lateral acceleration based on defensive automated driving style settings. The consistency of the manipulations in terms of accelerations, velocities, frequencies and motion sickness dose values by both drivers was measured and compared. Subjective motion sickness assessments, as well as user rating towards the believability of the Mobility Lab platform, were also carried out. The results indicate good reliability in producing consistent simulations of automated driving experience within the desired settings. In addition, the versatility of Mobility Lab in term of flexibility on interior setup arrangement and also its measurement system makes various automated driving related experiments possible.

Blind spot of a passenger car is an area around the vehicle that cannot be seen while looking either forward or through side or rear view mirror. In this paper, a blind spot system known as ZRT Vehicle Blind Spot System (ZRT-VBSS) has been developed using Arduino and ultrasonic sensors to overcome the problem. The system is capable to detect a moving vehicle in blind spot area under three main condition of which static, dynamic speed operation at 60 and 100 km/h and also overtake position. The results from the experimental investigation show that ZRT-VBSS is capable to perform at various operating condition that make it reliable to provide solution for driver to overcome the blind spot phenomenon.