Objective: Drug interaction is one factor that contributes to drug-related problems. The hospitalized patients in intensive care units (ICU) have a higher risk for developing drug interactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potency of significant drug interactions in ICU patients.Methods: Drug-drug interactions from patient's medical records from ICU of Arifin Achmad General Hospital in Pekanbaru, Province of Riau, Indonesia at period of July to December 2015 were assessed. Drug Interaction Checker (Medscape) software was used to identify potential drug interactions.Results: This study included 28 ICU patients (mean age, 48 years) who had the potency to drug interactions based on the software. Of these, 29% were male and 71% were female patients. The number of drugs that were given to patients was 3-13 drugs (average 7 drugs per patient). There were 122 potential drug-drug interactions found in this study, including 43% potency of minor or non-significant, 52% potency of significant, 3% potency of serious, and 2% potency of contraindicated drug interactions. A total of 67% were pharmacodynamics and 33% were pharmacokinetics interactions. Dexamethasone, ketoprofen, ketorolac, furosemide, nifedipine, and enoxaparin were among drugs with the highest frequency of potential drug interactions. Conclusion:Significant drug-drug interactions were prevalent in the ICU patients. This may be due to the complexity of the pharmacotherapies administered. The health professionals who provide care to these patients should be aware to identify and prevent possible drug events.
Celery (Apium graveolens L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Apigenin is one of active component in Celery leaf that has fungicidal activity, so celery leaf's extortion suspected has fungicidal activity to Candida albicans. Apigenin can solved in water. The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of celery leaf's extortion againsts Candida albicans in vitro. This is a laboratory experimental research by using completely randomized design and disc diffusion method. Celery leaf's extortion was divided into 3 concentrations, there were 25%, 50% and 100%. Ketoconazole 2% was used as positive control and aquadest as negative control. The result of this research was based on analysis of variance, there was significant difference between minimal 2 treatment (p=0.000) and confirmed with Post Hoc test, there were significant difference in all treatments. As the conclusion, celery leaf's extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans in vitro with the best concentration 50% but smaller than ketoconazole 2%. Keywords: antifungal activity, celery (Apium graveolens L.), Candida albicansPengobatan menggunakan tumbuh-tumbuhan (pengobatan tradisional) sudah dikenal jauh sebelum pelayanan kesehatan dengan obat modern digunakan oleh masyarakat luas. Para ilmuwan saat ini, banyak melakukan penelitian kembali terhadap tumbuhan obat. Obat sintetik yang ada saat ini, beberapa diantaranya ditemukan efek samping dan komplikasi terhadap kesehatan manusia.
Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the potential of Sonneratia alba fruit extract to prevent atherosclerosis formation. Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided into standard or negative control (S), positive control (P) and treatment (T) groups. Atherosclerosis was induced in groups P and T by orally administering a single dose of Vitamin D3 and a high-fat diet for three days. Sonneratia alba fruit extract was given to the T-group for three days. Lipids were enzymatically measured and foam cells were counted in 10 fields of a microscopic view of the abdominal aorta. Results: This study showed higher cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride levels in the T-group, compared to the other groups. The average number of foam cells in the S-, P-and T-groups were 11.8±3.3 cells, 21.2±2.2 cells and 11.7±2.9 cells, respectively. Statistical analysis with One-Way Anova showed a significant difference in the average number of foam cells (p = 0.042). Further analysis showed a significant difference in the average number of foam cells in groups S with P (p = 0.041) and P with T (p = 0.024). Conclusion: Sonneratia alba fruit extract showed a potential effect to inhibit atherosclerosis process but could not suppress lipid levels in the blood.
Insulin is one of pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to know the pattern of insulin use in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes Hospital X Pekanbaru. The type of research was descriptive. Data retrieved from 63 the medical records of patients with type 2 diabetes at Hospital X Pekanbaru period January -December 2014. The most characteristics of subject was average of age 55.40 (± 10.91) years, the average of RBG level 313.37 (± 135.81) mg / dL, female (55.6%), financing with BPJS (49.2%), housewives (49.2%), the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes with complications (38.1 %). The most insulin usage according to duration of action was short-acting insulin (46.4%), the number of daily doses was <20 IU from all type of insulin. The most combination of different insulin types (7.9%) was long-acting insulin with rapid-acting insulin and the most combination of insulin and OHD (6.3%) was a short-acting insulin with gluconeogenesis inhibitor and premixed insulin with gluconeogenesis inhibitor.
Uninary tract infection (UTI) is a common health problem among the people in the world, including Indonesia.Approximately 80% of UTI in hospital are ascociated with urethral catheter used in hospitalized patients. The increaseof catheter- related UTI is olso followed by increase of antibiotic used. The diffrence in distribution of UTI causingbacteria and antibiotics resistance associated with cathetetization can change according to time and place. This stdyaims to find the pattern of antibiotic resistance in the urine of catheter related UTI patient. The research was done inDepartement of Internal Medicine RSUD arifin Achmad Pekanbaru. 31 samples were collected from hospitalizedpatient who used catheter at last 3 days and taken with indwelling catheter urine. Culture, colony count, colonyidentification and resistance test was performed by Kirby Bauer method. The result was interpretated based onClinical and Laboratory Standard Institude (CLSI). UTI found in 19 samples (61.29%), 9 samples founs no bacteria(29.03%) and Candida albicans on 3 samples (9.68%). UTI caused mostly by Gram-negative bacteria (57.89%),Gram- positive bacteria found in 42.11% of samples. The highest resistance (100%) was found on cefotaxim, cefriaxon,cefalexin and tertracyclin. The lowest resistance (73.68%) found on merofenem and co-trimoxazole.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.