Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects of Sonneratia Alba Fruit Extract in Atherosclerotic-Induced Rats

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the potential of Sonneratia alba fruit extract to prevent atherosclerosis formation.
 Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided into standard or negative control (S), positive control (P) and treatment (T) groups. Atherosclerosis was induced in groups P and T by orally administering a single dose of Vitamin D3 and a high-fat diet for three days. Sonneratia alba fruit extract was given to the T-group for three days. Lipids were enzymatically measured and foam cells were counted in 10 fields of a microscopic view of the abdominal aorta.
 Results: This study showed higher cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride levels in the T-group, compared to the other groups. The average number of foam cells in the S-, P-and T-groups were 11.8±3.3 cells, 21.2±2.2 cells and 11.7±2.9 cells, respectively. Statistical analysis with One-Way Anova showed a significant difference in the average number of foam cells (p = 0.042). Further analysis showed a significant difference in the average number of foam cells in groups S with P (p = 0.041) and P with T (p = 0.024).
 Conclusion: Sonneratia alba fruit extract showed a potential effect to inhibit atherosclerosis process but could not suppress lipid levels in the blood.

Cardio-protective and Anti-atherosclerosis Effect of Crocetin on Vitamin D3 and HFD-induced Atherosclerosis in Rats

“…Total body cholesterol and HDLc are inversely related, and lowering plasma HDL levels can hasten the expansion and progression of atherosclerosis, which causes ischemia by impairing cholesterol clearance from the arterial wall. Inverse cholesterol transfer, in which excess tissue cholesterol is taken up and processed by the HDL particle before being delivered to the liver for metabolism, is widely attributed to HDL 9,11,12 . Moreover, the boost the level of HDL help in lowering the atherosclerosis risk.…”

“…Hypercholesterolemia, a well-known risk factor in humans, such as boosted the level of LDL, TC and other significant contributors to this disease such as insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress 9 . The expression of adhesion molecules on the endothelium s surface, smooth muscle phenotypic change and proliferation, monocyte invasion of the vessel wall, and the development of foam cells were all triggered as a result of this 10,11 . The enzyme nitric oxide synthase eNOS is essential in the EC.…”

“…The enzyme nitric oxide synthase eNOS is essential in the EC. NO derived from eNOS boosts the arterial vasodilatation and reduce the LDL oxidation, platelet aggregation, smooth muscle cell proliferation and adhesion and monocyte adhesion to the endothelium 11,12 .…”

“…It is well documented that hyperlipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in the progres-sion and expansion of AS disease, but still the pathogenesis factor function of AS still unknown 11,16 . The currently available treatment for AS is antihypertensive and lipid regulating drugs.…”

Exploring the Mangrove Fruit: From the Phytochemicals to Functional Food Development and the Current Progress in the Middle East

“…The administration of the mangrove fruit extract to animal models presents multiple vantages such as antioxidant [ 56 ], anti-atherosclerosis [ 57 ], antimicrobial [ 47 , 58 ], anti-diabetes [ 59 ], and hepatoprotective properties [ 60 ]. Excessive free-radical levels of diabetes trigger other diseases due to oxidative stress.…”