Study purpose. The researcher realizes that not all physical education teachers in elementary schools provide basketball lessons and some teachers still use conventional learning techniques. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a basketball learning model with the TGfU approach to increase HOTS and reduce bullying. Materials and methods. This study used a quantitative approach to test the validity of the content and constructs as well as the effectiveness of the learning model. The experimental subjects in this study were fifth-grade students totaling 165 respondents from 5 elementary schools in Central Java, Indonesia. Data analysis of small-scale trials used Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) path analysis, and that of large-scale trials used Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) path analysis. The paired-samples t-test was used to analyze the effectiveness of HOTS and the reduction of bullying. Results. The result of this study is a basketball learning model that utilizes the TGfU approach to increase HOTS and reduce bullying behavior in the form of a guidebook. Conclusions. The developed model can increase HOTS and reduce bullying and will affect students’ cognitive, affective and psychomotor learning outcomes. So that the learning model is easy, safe, and makes students more enthusiastic about learning.
researcher have realized that physical education teachers in elementary schools still make use of the conventional learning technique. For instance, the technique used in learning basketball remains the same as it still follows the usual standards and behaviour. However, this research study aims to develop a basketball learning model using the TGfU approach. This approach consists of development stage, validation test, small-scale test, large-scale trials, and an effectiveness test. Two basketball-expert validations were used in determining the TGfU approach namely: the experts of basketball and basketball lesson. Data obtained, were analysed using descriptive statistics. This technique displayed the model, the ball, and the warming-up strategies associated with the TGfU approach. Students were given Pre-test and post-test effectiveness test to determine their abilities before and after learning. In carrying out the effectiveness test, the researchers made use of the paired t-test method to analyse students' learning outcomes. The result of this research was a basketball learning model which made use of the TGfU approach in the form of a guidebook and a CD. The developed model can improve students' cognitive, affective and psychomotor learning outcomes.
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