Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) is one of the cooperative learning methods that involves small groups in which each member of the group works together on a common task to achieve the common goal. STAD was carried out using Kemmnis and McTaggart's Participatory Action Theory, among first semester students to evaluate students' attitude towards tourism geography subject. Achievement test was compared between the experimental group and control group using quasi pretest and posttest via experimental design on the students. Attitude inventory scale and team work satisfaction scale were measured to understand the students' feedback on STAD teaching technique. The experimental group of STAD students rated highest statement on "My team develops clear collaborative patterns to increase team learning efficiency" (M=4.45, SD=0.73). In team work participation evaluation, the experimental group respondents this statement highest "Interacting with the other members can increase my motivation to learn" (M=4.43, SD=0.73). This research concluded that STAD technique improved students' achievement test (t-value= 9.01*), attitude and teamwork among the experimental group students.
Scholars agreed that the events affect the economy, socio-culture, and the environment across the triple bottom line. However, the impacts across the triple bottom line are not always positive. Hence, the event organisers should implement green practices to reduce the negative impacts of the events. In the meantime, sustainable event management remains unchartered territory in event studies and the effort to systematically review the green event adaptation among event organisers is still lacking. Thus, this study supports further understanding of green event practices by focusing on published literature on green event adaptation among event organisers worldwide. For this purpose, this study conducted a systematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) in four phases. This study applies a qualitative approach to uncover the focused issues related to the adaptation of green event practice. According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that published literature (journals) as one of the knowledge sources for the event organisers provides inadequate information regarding the green event practices, specifically on the adaptation of green events. Therefore, this study urged further research to include a holistic discussion or exploration of the topic. This effort can provide more information to the event organisers – but not only limited to them –, so that a better understanding regarding green event adaptation in organising their events in the future can be achieved. However, the event organisers are not the only party responsible for the green event practices. Proper action also needs to be taken to prepare the other stakeholders, facilities, resources and local authority to go green.
The purpose of this position paper is to present an opinion on the importance of understanding host community perspectives in any community-based corporate social responsibility initiative. A host community is essentially the consumer of any community-based CSR, yet they each have unique cultures, features, needs, and expectations, which may or may not fit a business’s CSR initiative, unless the community perspectives are accounted for prior to the implementation of the CSR project. Focusing on the hotel sector context, the paper develops its position by reviewing supporting literature and highlighting the outcomes of a qualitative case study that involved face-to face semistructured interviews with 15 local opinion leaders who represented several local communities. The paper concludes with a firmer opinion on its position, and it offers some of the implications of its findings.
In selecting tourism destination, travelers based their decisions on the perception of destination image attributes which they received from multiple information sources. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore and identify the dimension of image as perceived by travelers to the state of Perak, Malaysia by employing an exploratory factor analysis. The results exhibited that local attraction and facilities is the main indicator that attracts tourists to Perak followed by natural setting. The findings also showed the need for facilities maintenance and development of quality infrastructures and facilities while minimizing detrimental impacts on the natural surroundings. This study confirms that 'affective construct' of destination image is the highest indicator that attracted visitors to state of Perak. Henceforth, strategic image management should be in place in both designing and implementing advertising, promotional campaign and maintaining the infrastructure. Implications for marketing as well future development of tourism in Perak are discussed and presented in this paper.
Experiential aspect of consumption has becoming more important in the era of social media. Social life has changed. Today, people are exposed to overflowing information; voluntarily or involuntarily. Almost everyone can express their emotional experience about tourism destinations, which may influence viewers’ response and their purchasing decision. Thus, this study was conducted to identify the salient domains of emotional experiences remembered and recalled by tourists in the online social environments. Content analysis method was utilized to uncover the common themes from 200 online reviews about tourism destinations in Malaysia. The study revealed the presence of cognitive and affective components in online reviews. It also discovered that tourists attributed their emotional experience to concrete factors, which include core (activities) and facilitating components (accommodation, food and beverages and transportation). This in-depth analysis of unstructured text reviews captured some clues about tourists’ emotional experience that would help tourism providers in developing strategies that can stimulates desired emotion, improve positive electronic word of mouth (eWOM) transmissions, which later may contribute to building a destination brand that resonates with its consumers.
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