A strain of camelpox virus (CMLV) isolated in the Sudan was attenuated by serial passage in Vero cell monolayers for use as a future vaccine strain. The safety and potency of passage 115 virus (designated Sudan CMLV/115) was tested. Camels inoculated with CMLV/115 showed no clinical disease or skin lesions, developed low-level antibodies and cell-mediated immune response and resisted challenge with virulent wild-type CMLV. Field testing of the candidate vaccine showed that the developed vaccine induces immune response and is safe for young and pregnant camels.

L’objectif de l’étude a été de déterminer l’incidence de la tuberculose chez les bovins abattus dans les abattoirs de Nyala, Etat du Darfour du Sud au Soudan, pendant la période d’avril 2006 à mai 2008. Au total, 2 794 bovins ont été examinés pour la présence de lésions tuberculeuses. Ces dernières (n = 163) ont été retrouvées dans 40 (1,4 p. 100) animaux, sept ayant présenté une tuberculose généralisée et 33 une tuberculose localisée, principalement dans les poumons, les ganglions lymphatiques thoraciques, et/ou dans le foie, la rate, les reins et les ganglions lymphatiques mésentériques. Des échantillons tissulaires ont été placés soit dans une solution de formol à 10 p. 100 pour un examen histopathologique de routine, soit dans de la glace pour un examen en microscopie directe et une mise en culture. La microscopie directe a montré que 124 (76,1 p. 100) lésions tuberculeuses contenaient des bacilles acido-alcoolo-résistants, tandis que 17 (10,4 p. 100) isolats de Mycobacterium spp. ont pu être cultivés en milieu de culture de Löwenstein-Jensen pur et identifiés comme étant M. bovis (n = 11) et M. farcinogenes (n = 6). Une inflammation granulomateuse a été observée dans toutes les coupes de lésions tuberculeuses. D’autres études seront nécessaires pour identifier les espèces de mycobactéries responsables de la tuberculose chez d’autres espèces animales.

The present study describes the prevalence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus antibodies in sheep, goats and camels at Hail, Bagaa, Shenan and Ghazalah, Saudi Arabia. Serum samples (n=400), collected during 2012-2013 from sick and clinically healthy herds, were subjected to antibodies detection using c-ELISA. Out of examined animals, 83 (62.9%) goats and 70 (33.2%) sheep were detected positive against PPRV antibodies, whereas camels appeared to be seronegative. Based upon the seasonal variations in the antibodies detection, environment appeared to be a significant factor on the level of antibodies in the tested small ruminants population. Taken together, results indicate the seropositivity of PPRV in the region and warrant future large-scale surveillance studies to better assess the situation of the disease in the region.

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Sheep pox (SP) and goat pox (GP) outbreaks occurred in the different geographic areas of Sudan and most strikingly, were highly species specific. Two outbreaks in Gedaref State in June 2013 affected no goats and outbreak in Khartoum state in March 2015 affected no sheep despite communal herding; affected goats were vaccinated with 0240 strain. Clinically, the disease was characterized by fever, depression, and eruption of generalized pox lesions. Mortality rate ranged between 5.2% and 6.7% with a mean of 6.1%. Isolation of viruses succeed on lamb testes cell culture at passage four; the diseases were diagnosed using virus neutralization test and polymerase chain reaction. SP and GP isolates grew well in lamb testes and vero cells. In Madin-Darby bovine kidney; however, both viruses induced slight cytopathic effect (CPE) that reached 60% in 9 days. On the other hand, both isolates induced no CPE in chick embryo fibroblast cells. Virus isolation attempts failed on chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs.