An Epidemiological Study of Sheep and Goat pox Outbreaks in the Sudan

Abstract

Sheep pox (SP) and goat pox (GP) outbreaks occurred in the different geographic areas of Sudan and most strikingly, were highly species specific. Two outbreaks in Gedaref State in June 2013 affected no goats and outbreak in Khartoum state in March 2015 affected no sheep despite communal herding; affected goats were vaccinated with 0240 strain. Clinically, the disease was characterized by fever, depression, and eruption of generalized pox lesions. Mortality rate ranged between 5.2% and 6.7% with a mean of 6.1%. Isolation of viruses succeed on lamb testes cell culture at passage four; the diseases were diagnosed using virus neutralization test and polymerase chain reaction. SP and GP isolates grew well in lamb testes and vero cells. In Madin-Darby bovine kidney; however, both viruses induced slight cytopathic effect (CPE) that reached 60% in 9 days. On the other hand, both isolates induced no CPE in chick embryo fibroblast cells. Virus isolation attempts failed on chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs.

Epidemiology and clinico-pathological characteristics of current goat pox outbreak in North Vietnam

“…Reported outbreaks of goat pox worldwide yields differing mortality rates with 7% in Sudan [2], 21% in Iraq [6] and 30% in India [7]. In this study, a much lower mortality rate was found despite a rather high morbidity rate high probably as a result of the study population containing comparatively fewer of the 3-6 months old goats.…”

“…The re-emerging of Capripoxvirus and it's clinical syndrome has been well documented worldwide especially in Asia and Africa [1,2]. Undoubtedly, this virus bears pronounced economic impact not only to endemic regions especially to the livelihoods of small-scale farmers and poor rural communities [3] but also posed major constraint in international livestock trade.…”