Overview of diagnostic tools for Capripox virus infections

Haegeman, Andy; Vleeschauwer, Annebel De; Leeuw, Ilse De; Vidanović, Dejan; Šekler, Milanko; Demarez, Céline; Lefebvre, David; Clercq, Kris De

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104704

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The immunoperoxidase assay has also been developed for the detection of antibodies against LSDV, SPPV, and GTPV [ 151 ]. Other techniques such as Western Blot, counter–immunoelectrophoresis test (CIE), or agar gel precipitation test have also been described for the detection of anti-capripox antibodies [ 152 ]. The evaluation of the cell-mediated response is carried out by the lymphocyte proliferation is carried through MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) technique and by mRNA cytokine expression of which IFN-γ and IL-4 are the most important against Capripoxvirus infection [ 70 , 71 ].…”

Section: Vaccination Against Capripoxvirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capripoxvirus Infections in Ruminants: A Review

et al. 2021

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Lumpy skin disease, sheeppox, and goatpox are notifiable diseases of cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively, caused by viruses of the Capripoxvirus genus. They are responsible for both direct and indirect financial losses. These losses arise through animal mortality, morbidity cost of vaccinations, and constraints to animals and animal products’ trade. Control and eradication of capripoxviruses depend on early detection of outbreaks, vector control, strict animal movement, and vaccination which remains the most effective means of control. To date, live attenuated vaccines are widely used; however, conferred protection remains controversial. Many vaccines have been associated with adverse reactions and incomplete protection in sheep, goats, and cattle. Many combination- and recombinant-based vaccines have also been developed. Here, we review capripoxvirus infections and the immunity conferred against capripoxviruses by their respective vaccines for each ruminant species. We also review their related cross protection to heterologous infections.

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Section: Vaccination Against Capripoxvirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capripoxvirus Infections in Ruminants: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…Poxvirus infection suspected sheep farms were visited. External clinic examinations and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for sheeppox virus (Dashprakash et al, 2019;Haegeman et al, 2019) (abbexa® Cambirdge-UK) were performed on suspected animals. Seropositive sheep and their lambs, having poxvirus exanthema (around lips, eyelids and ears, and skin of inguinal, perineal and sub-tail regions) (from erythema to scabs) and other poxvirus infection signs, accepted as infected with sheep-poxvirus.…”

Section: Experimental Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At that time, it is reported that serological diagnostic techniques are successfully used for detection of antibody created by the organism against sheeppox virus like other virus detection methods (Balinsky et al, 2008;Dashprakash et al, 2019;Haegeman et al, 2019) It is well known that pox disease in general leads to physiological (oxidative) stress. Hereby, it affects metabolism and excretion of animals (Chirase et al, 1991;Machado et al, 2013;Orr et al, 1990;Paksoy, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Serum Mineral Composition During Poxvirus Infection in Sheep and Their Lambs

Karademir

2021

Turkish JAF Sci.Tech.

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Minerals have crucial roles in terms of vital function in the organism including hormones, enzymes, cell formation etc. Oxidative stress and related hormones, regarding infectious diseases, affect all functions of body including mineral taking, metabolism and excretion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the pox disease on blood minerals composition of sheep and lambs. This study was conducted on 20 healthy sheep, 20 poxvirus infected sheep and their lambs (Totally 80 subjects). One-shot blood samples from sheep and lambs were collected and serums were separated immediately. Serum mineral levels were analysed in the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In general, the level of Cu in infected animals was higher than in healthy ones. Zn, Fe, Mg and Na levels of healthy animals were found higher than infected subjects. The difference between healthy and infected animal groups for serum Ca and K levels was not significant. Positive correlations were found between serum Zn, Fe, Mg and Na levels. However, a negative correlation was found between Cu-Zn and Cu-Fe pairs. Consequently, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg and Na levels in serum, which are vital for animal organisms, showed significant changes in sheep and their lambs during poxvirus infection. To rapid healing or prevention of the diseases, mineral disorders must be corrected urgently.

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“…Next to virus isolation in primary cell cultures [12,13] or continuous cell lines [14], and virus detection via antigen capture ELISAs [15,16] or electron microscopy [17,18], detection of CaPV viral genomes [19] is an important tool for the confirmation of CaPV cases and outbreaks. Here, different PCR detection systems have been developed over the years, ranging from conventional gel-based assays combined with agarose gel electrophoresis [20] or with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses [21] through loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays [22,23] and high-resolution melting curve analyses [24] to real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays using intercalating dyes [20] or fluorescence-labelled probes [6,25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional PCR assays enable qualitative analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis after PCR amplification [27]. In contrast, real-time PCR assays utilizing intercalating dyes or fluorescence-labelled probes in combination with quenchers allow real-time monitoring of the amplification process [19]. In addition, quantitative PCRs are faster, more specific, and in some cases even more sensitive compared to conventional PCRs [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probe-Based Real-Time qPCR Assays for a Reliable Differentiation of Capripox Virus Species

Wolff

Beer

2021

Microorganisms

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Outbreaks of the three capripox virus species, namely lumpy skin disease virus, sheeppox virus, and goatpox virus, severely affect animal health and both national and international economies. Therefore, the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) classified them as notifiable diseases. Until now, discrimination of capripox virus species was possible by using different conventional PCR protocols. However, more sophisticated probe-based real-time qPCR systems addressing this issue are, to our knowledge, still missing. In the present study, we developed several duplex qPCR assays consisting of different types of fluorescence-labelled probes that are highly sensitive and show a high analytical specificity. Finally, our assays were combined with already published diagnostic methods to a diagnostic workflow that enables time-saving, reliable, and robust detection, differentiation, and characterization of capripox virus isolates.

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Overview of diagnostic tools for Capripox virus infections

Cited by 22 publications

References 81 publications

Capripoxvirus Infections in Ruminants: A Review

Capripoxvirus Infections in Ruminants: A Review

Changes in Serum Mineral Composition During Poxvirus Infection in Sheep and Their Lambs

Probe-Based Real-Time qPCR Assays for a Reliable Differentiation of Capripox Virus Species

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