Outbreaks of PPR-FMD among Sheep and Goats in Hail, Saudi Arabia

​​Clinical, Pathological and Molecular Diagnosis of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Saudi Arabia

“…findings in the intestine were severe enteritis as well as streaks of congestion in the colon and caecum (zebra stripes) (Fig 2d). These findings were very much consistent with several previous studies (Mahmoud et al, 2017;Robi, 2019;Ugochukwu et al, 2019). Histopathology revealed bronchointerstitial pneumonia characterized by thickening of alveolar septa (Fig 3a).…”

“…Similar findings were recorded by several authors (Housawi et al, 2004;Hemida et al, 2020). The mortality rate was 90% particularly in young ages and these results were in accordance with previous studies (Mahmoud et al, 2017). The trachea, bronchi and bronchioles were filled with froth exudate.The lungs were congested and hepatized especially in the cranioventral lobes (Fig 2c).…”

“…Phylogenetic studies indicate that PPR virus strains can be classified into 4 distinct lineages, three of them occur in Africa and the fourth is found in Africa and Asia (Shaila et al, 1996;Alidadi et al, 2019). In Saudi Arabia, Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPRV) is currently considered as one of the 1 Clinical, Pathological and Molecular Diagnosis of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Saudi Arabia main transboundary viral diseases that constitute a threat to livestock production (Abu Elzein et al, 1990;Sharwai et al, 2010;Mahmoud et al, 2017;Mahmoud et al, 2021). Outbreaks are still repeated annually in the country and there is a big loss among all ages.…”